Table 3.
MicroRNAs that modulate diabetes, cardiac fibrosis and other cardiovascular diseases and differentially expressed in ZL-Rap versus ZL-C.
| MicroRNAs | ZL-Rap/ZL-C | Link to diabetes and/or CVD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | CVD | ||
| miR-455 | 6.76 | Suppressed [39] | — |
| miR-451 | 5.1076 | Suppressed [40] | Induces cardiac hypertrophy [40] |
| miR-101b | 5.0625 | — | Suppresses cardiac hypertrophy [67, 77] |
| miR-29b/c | 4.75/3.83 | Increased in diabetes [36–38] | Correlates with CVD progression in diabetes [36–38, 118] |
| miR-19a | 4.7089 | Increased in diabetes [119] | Induces heart failure and vascular inflammation [120–122] |
| miR-499 | 3.8636 | Induces insulin resistance [79] | Increases atrial fibrillation, cardiac damage, heart disease [79–82] |
| miR-539 | 3.7249 | Increased in diabetes [123] | Induces mitochondrial fission, cardiomyocyte apoptosis [123, 124] |
| miR-363 | 3.7249 | Urinary marker for diabetes [125] | Inhibition protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis [126] |
| miR-335 | 3.2761 | Improves diabetic wound healing [42] | — |
| miR-92b | 3.0976 | — | Increased in heart failure patients [127] |
| miR-495 | 3.0976 | Urinary marker for diabetes [125] | Involved in causing hypertrophy [128, 129] |
| miR-7a | 2.8224 | Inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion [130] | Protects against cardiomyocyte injury [131, 132] |
| miR-429 | 2.56 | Impairs intestinal barrier in diabetic mice [133] | Causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis [134] |
| miR-487b | 2.3409 | — | Mitigates chronic heart failure [135] |
| miR-144 | −2.28 | Increased in diabetes [41] | Loss of miR-144 impairs cardioprotection [136] |
| miR-542 | −2.28 | — | Involved in aortic calcification [137] |
Please see Supplemental Table 2 for the exact gene expression levels and p values.