Table 4. Factors associated with poor treatment outcome among patients with MDR-TB.
| Variables | Treatment Outcomes | CRR (95% CI) |
ARR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Successful n (%) |
Poor n (%) |
|||
| Treatment delay | ||||
| Short | 138 (86.3) | 22 (13.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Long | 131 (77.1) | 39 (22.9) | 1.69 (1.08–2.78) * | 1.11 (0.63–1.97) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 172 (80.4) | 42 (19.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 97 (83.6) | 19 (16.4) | 0.84 (0.49–1.44) | 0.69 (0.39–1.22) |
| Age | ||||
| ≤ 30 years | 85 (85.9) | 14 (14.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 31–50 years | 131 (80.9) | 31 (19.1) | 1.35 (0.72–2.54) | 1.19 (0.61–2.34) |
| > 50 years | 53 (76.8) | 16 (23.2) | 1.64 (0.80–3.36) | 1.89 (0.84–4.25) |
| BMI | ||||
| < 18.5 | 49 (57.6) | 36 (42.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 18.5 | 220 (89.8) | 25 (10.2) | 0.24 (0.15–0.40) ** | 0.33 (0.19–0.56) ** |
| Type of patient | ||||
| New case | 24 (68.6) | 11 (31.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Previously treated case | 245 (83.1) | 50 (16.9) | 0.53 (0.28–0.98) * | 0.59 (0.29–1.18) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Absent | 250 (83.1) | 51 (16.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Present | 19 (65.5) | 10 (34.5) | 2.03 (1.03–4.01) * | 1.33 (0.62–2.81) |
| HIV co-infection | ||||
| Absent | 259 (86.9) | 39 (13.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Present | 10 (31.3) | 22 (68.8) | 5.25 (3.12–8.86) ** | 3.85 (2.16–6.86) ** |
| Lung cavitation | ||||
| Absent | 250 (81.4) | 57 (18.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Present | 19 (82.6) | 4 (17.4) | 0.94 (0.34–2.58) | 0.84 (0.29–2.39) |
| Resistance pattern | ||||
| HR | 241 (81.4) | 55 (18.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > HR | 28 (82.4) | 6 (17.6) | 0.95 (0.41–2.21) | 0.93 (0.39–2.19) |
| Smear grade | ||||
| Low | 148 (87.1) | 22 (12.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High | 121 (75.6) | 39 (24.4) | 1.88 (1.12–3.18) * | 1.75 (1.01–3.02) * |
All patients who achieved culture conversion were included as having a successful outcome. Treatment delay, sex, age, BMI, type of patient, diabetes mellitus, HIV coinfection, lung cavitation, resistance pattern, and smear grade were included in the model. Treatment delay was categorized as short (< 105 days) and long (≥ 105 days). Abbreviations: MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; CRR, crude risk ratio; ARR, adjusted risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; H, isoniazid; R, rifampicin.
* p value < 0.05 and
** p value < 0.001 Significant