Table 1. Participant characteristics and comparison according to HIV status.
| Combined n (%) |
HIV positive n (%) |
HIV negative n (%) |
p- value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N, number of individuals | 2848 | 1687 (59.2) | 1161 (40.8) | |
| Female | 2141 (75.4) | 1172 (69.6) | 969 (83.8) | <0.01 |
| Age, median years (range) | 35 (18–84) | 37 (18–72) | 33 (18–84) | <0.01 |
| Age categories | <0.01 | |||
| 18–34 | 1302 (46.2) | 677 (40.5) | 625 (54.4) | - |
| 35–49 | 1201 (42.6) | 798 (47.7) | 403 (35.1) | - |
| 50+ | 318 (11.3) | 197 (11.8) | 121 (10.5) | - |
| Marital status | <0.01 | |||
| Single | 518 (18.5) | 261 (15.8) | 257 (22.5) | - |
| Monogamous | 869 (31.1) | 506 (30.6) | 363 (31.8) | - |
| Polygamous | 492 (17.6) | 234 (14.2) | 258 (22.6) | - |
| Divorced | 677 (24.2) | 454 (27.5) | 223 (19.5) | - |
| Widowed | 240 (8.6) | 198 (12.0) | 42 (3.7) | - |
| Children* | <0.01 | |||
| 0–2 | 872 (41.3) | 491 (42.7) | 381 (39.6) | - |
| 3–5 | 738 (34.9) | 428 (37.2) | 310 (32.2) | - |
| 6+ | 503 (23.8) | 232 (20.2) | 271 (28.2) | - |
| Use contraception*,$ | 765 (39.0) | 313 (31.2) | 452 (47.2) | <0.01 |
| Use OCP | 185 (9.4) | 67 (6.7) | 118 (12.3) | <0.01 |
| No education | 1320 (47.5) | 873 (53.2) | 447 (39.3) | <0.01 |
| Smoking$ | 626 (22.5) | 411 (25.0) | 215 (18.8) | <0.01 |
| Alcohol use$ | 337 (12.1) | 240 (14.6) | 97 (8.5) | <0.01 |
| Commercial sex worker | 728 (25.6) | 460 (27.3) | 268 (23.1) | 0.01 |
| BMI, median (range) | 20.5 (10.2–44.5) | 19.5 (10.2–42.9) | 22.0 (11.4–44.5) | <0.01 |
| BMI category | <0.01 | |||
| Underweight | 739 (30.8) | 572 (39.7) | 167 (17.4) | - |
| Overweight | 345 (14.4) | 161 (11.2) | 184 (19.2) | - |
| Obese | 177 (7.4) | 77 (5.3) | 100 (10.4) | - |
| Pre-hypertensiona | 1681 (59.1) | 968 (57.4) | 713 (61.7) | 0.02 |
| Hypertensionb | 405 (14.2) | 201 (11.9) | 204 (17.6) | <0.01 |
| Stage 2 hypertensionc | 100 (25.0)d | 50 (24.9)d | 50 (25.1)d | 0.95 |
| SBP, median (range) | 120 (80–220) | 120 (80–200) | 120 (90–220) | <0.01 |
| DBP, median (range) | 80 (40–130) | 80 (40–130) | 80 (40–120) | 0.06 |
| HIV-associated factors | ||||
| WHO stage 3 or 4 | 684 (43.5) | |||
| CD4, median (range) | 281 (1–2000) | |||
| CD4<200/mm3 | 534 (40.0) | |||
| On ART | 161 (11.0) |
aPre-hypertension: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120–139 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80–89
bHypertension: SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90
cStage 2 hypertension: SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥100. dPercent of hypertensive subjects with stage 2 hypertension.
*Data available for female subjects only.
$When excluding CSW: 320 (23.6%) of all subjects, 88 (13.3%) of HIV-positive subjects and 232 (33.5%) of HIV-negative subjects used contraception (p<0.01); 170 (14.3%) of HIV-positive subjects and 87 (9.8%) of HIV-negative subjects were smokers (p<0.01); 75 (6.3%) of HIV-positive subjects and 26 (2.9%) of HIV-negative subjects used alcohol (p<0.01).