Table 2. Fixed effect regression models for adjusted associations between homicide rates or hospitalizations from violence and BFP coverage and percentage of municipality inhabitants receiving BF in the Brazilian municipalities (as continuous variables), also stratified by municipalities of different population sizes, 2004–2012.
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Population< = 10.000) | Population 10.001–50.000 | Population>50.000 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | |
| Homicide rates | ||||||||||||
| BFP coverage of the target population | 0.998 | (0.998–0.999) | - | - | 0.997 | (0.996–0.997) | 0.997 | (0.995–0.999) | 0.998 | (0.998–0.999) | 0.997 | (0.996–0.997) |
| % of inhabitants receiving BFP benefit | - | - | 1.005 | (1.004–1.006) | 1.009 | (1.008–1.011) | 1.009 | (1.006–1.013) | 1.010 | (1.008–1.012) | 1.011 | (1.008–1.014) |
| Per capita income BR$ (monthly) | 0.915 | (0.902–0.928) | 0.927 | (0.913–0.940) | 0.940 | (0.926–0.954) | 1.018 | (0.963–1.076) | 1.001 | (1.001–1.002) | 0.942 | (0.923–0.962) |
| % unemployed people | 0.987 | (0.982–0.992) | 0.985 | (0.980–0.990) | 0.985 | (0.980–0.989) | 0.987 | (0.975–1.000) | 0.997 | (0.989–1.005) | 0.996 | (0.986–1.006) |
| Policing rate | 1.000 | (1.000–1.000) | 1.000 | (1.000–1.000) | 1.000 | (1.000–1.000) | 1.000 | (0.999–1.000) | 1.000 | (1.000–1.000) | 1.000 | (1.000–1.000) |
| Guns availability | 1.001 | (1.000–1.001) | 1.001 | (1.000–1.001) | 1.001 | (1.000–1.001) | 1.002 | (1.001–1.003) | 1.000 | (1.000–1.001) | 1.001 | (1.000–1.001) |
| % of people with low education level | 1.045 | (1.041–1.049) | 1.040 | (1.035–1.044) | 1.041 | (1.037–1.045) | 1.006 | (0.992–1.020) | 1.010 | (1.003–1.017) | 1.033 | (1.025–1.040) |
| Urbanization rate | 0.995 | (0.993–0.997) | 0.994 | (0.992–0.996) | 0.995 | (0.992–0.997) | 1.010 | (1.004–1.016) | 1.003 | (1.000–1.006) | 0.999 | (0.994–1.003) |
| Time (year) | 1.122 | (1.114–1.130) | 1.096 | (1.087–1.104) | 1.098 | (1.090–1.107) | 1.007 | (0.983–1.032) | 1.024 | (1.011–1.037) | 1.082 | (1.064–1.100) |
| Number of observations | 47448 | 47448 | 47448 | 20735 | 21285 | 5270 | ||||||
| Number of municipalities | 5272 | 5272 | 5272 | 2430 | 2528 | 618 | ||||||
| Hospitalizations from violence | ||||||||||||
| BFP coverage of the target population | 0.997 | (0.996–0.997) | - | - | 0.996 | (0.995–0.996) | 0.997 | (0.995–0.998) | 0.998 | (0.997–0.999) | 0.995 | (0.993–0.996) |
| % of inhabitants receiving BFP benefit | - | - | 0.999 | (0.997–1.000) | 1.004 | (1.003–1.006) | 1.013 | (1.009–1.017) | 1.006 | (1.003–1.008) | 1.007 | (1.003–1.012) |
| Per capita income BR$ (monthly) | 0.987 | (0.971–1.000) | 0.983 | (0.967–0.999) | 1.000 | (.984–1.017) | 1.061 | (1.002–1.123) | 1.001 | (1.000–1.001) | 1.016 | (0.989–1.045) |
| % unemployed people | 0.955 | (0.950–0.961) | 0.953 | (0.947–0.958) | 0.953 | (0.948–0.959) | 0.980 | (0.968–0.993) | 0.999 | (0.990–1.008) | 0.937 | (0.924–0.950) |
| Policing rate | 0.999 | (0.999–0.999) | 0.999 | (0.999–0.999) | 0.999 | (0.999–0.999) | 1.000 | (1.000–1.001) | 1.000 | (1.000–1.000) | 1.000 | (0.999–1.000) |
| Guns availability | 1.000 | (0.999–1.000) | 1.000 | (0.999–1.000) | 1.000 | (0.999–1.000) | 1.000 | (0.999–1.002) | 1.000 | (0.999–1.001) | 1.001 | (1.000–1.003) |
| % of people with low education level | 1.048 | (1.043–1.052) | 1.046 | (1.041–1.051) | 1.046 | (1.041–1.050) | 0.976 | (0.964–0.988) | 0.996 | (0.989–1.003) | 1.032 | (1.022–1.042) |
| Urbanization rate | 0.998 | (0.997–1.000) | 0.998 | (0.996–0.999) | 0.999 | (0.997–1.000) | 0.998 | (0.994–1.002) | 1.001 | (0.999–1.004) | 1.000 | (0.995–1.006) |
| Time (year) | 1.083 | (1.074–1.092) | 1.072 | (1.062–1.082) | 1.072 | (1.063–1.082) | 0.952 | (0.932–0.972) | 0.997 | (0.983–1.011) | 1.016 | (0.993–1.040) |
| Number of observations | 45324 | 45324 | 45324 | 19432 | 20335 | 5261 | ||||||
| Number of municipalities | 5036 | 5036 | 5036 | 2267 | 2403 | 617 | ||||||
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval; RR = Rate Ratio; H = Hospitalization
Model 1: Including only target population coverage; Model 2: including only % of people receiving BF; Model 3: including both.