Table 3.
HCC | CC | cHCC-CC |
---|---|---|
Loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 8 p, 17q, 4q, 16q, 13q, 6q, and 7 p | Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) | Loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 3q, 14q |
Inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes such as TP53 | TP53 mutations | TP53 mutations |
Activation of oncogenes such as CTNNB1/beta-catenin and Wnt pathway | K-RAS mutations | Rb-1 locus replication error pattern |
ARID1A | ARID1A BPRM1 IDH1/IDH2 |
ARID1A CTNNB1 TP53 RYR3 FBN2 |
MYC amplification |
Abbreviations: CC, cholangiocarcinoma; cHCC-CC, combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MSI-H, microsatellite instability high.