Figure 6. Leptin augmented minute ventilation (V _E) and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and this effect was not modified by sham carotid sinus nerve dissection (CSND) in C57BL/6J mice during quiet wakefulness.

A and B, V _E was calculated as tidal volume per body weight (V _T) × respiratory rate (RR) at 21% O₂ (A) and 10% O₂ (B) during saline and leptin continuous infusion (120 μg/day, s.c.) measured before (n = 5) and after (n = 5) sham CSND. C, HVR represents the ratio of a change in V _E to a change in the fraction of inspired oxygen (HVR = ΔV _E/Δ${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{O}}_2}$). ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01 using the Mann–Whitney test for unpaired comparisons.