Figure 9:

Colitis with a diffuse colitis pattern in a 64-year-old man with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab and with diarrhea at presentation. Coronal reformatted contrast-enhanced CT image of the abdomen obtained 2.6 months after the initiation of ipilimumab treatment shows a new finding of a fluid-filled dilated colon (*), with mucosal hyperemia indicating diffuse colitis. Colonoscopic biopsy confirmed colonic inflammation with mucosal injury consistent with ipilimumab-associated colitis. The patient was treated with oral steroids followed by intravenous infliximab, leading to resolution of the findings at the follow-up study performed 1.8 months after onset. (Reprinted, with permission, from reference 43.).