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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Immunol. 2018 Nov 29;40(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.002

Figure 1. Trained immunity in human monocytes.

Figure 1.

β-Glucan or BCG can lead to immune-metabolic changes in human monocytes, particularly the induction of glycolysis, glutaminolysis and cholesterol metabolism. The generation of metabolic intermediates, including acetyl-CoA, fumarate or mevalonate, can induce epigenetic alterations that drive innate immune memory, thereby improving the response of monocytes to secondary infectious stimuli.