Table 4.

Hazard Ratios of 5‐year Mortality by NAFLD Status Among U.S. Female Adults, NHANES (1988‐2014)

	Age‐Adjusted Mortality, % (95% CI)*	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
		Unadjusted	Model 1†	Model 2‡
All‐cause mortality
No NAFLD	2.51 (2.05‐2.98)	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	3.49 (2.77‐4.2) §	2.57 (2.01‐3.29)	1.43 (1.12‐1.81)	1.5 (1.09‐2.07)
Cardiovascular mortality
No NAFLD	0.77 (0.53‐1.01)	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	1.13 (0.68‐1.58)	2.83 (1.72‐4.65)	1.54 (0.96‐2.46)	1.45 (0.78‐2.68)

^*Age adjustment is based on the direct method to the census 2000 population, using the age groups 20‐44, 45‐64, and ≥65 years.

^†Model 1, adjusted for age and race.

^‡Model 2, adjusted for Model 2 plus active smoker, income, metabolic syndrome, cancer, COPD, and ASCVD ≥7.5%; due to multicollinearity between MS and metabolic components, the letters were excluded.

^§Significantly different from no NAFLD.