Table 1.
Comparison of Demographics and Clinical and Tumor Characteristics Between Black and White Patients With HCC.
| Black Patients (n = 164) | White Patients (n = 1,032) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 59.7 (9.8) | 62.0 (10.3) | 0.005 |
| Male sex (%) | 70 | 74 | 0.33 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.4 (6.3) | 29.0 (6.2) | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 64 | 54 | 0.02 |
| DM | 37 | 38 | 0.78 |
| Dyslipidemia | 17 | 23 | 0.13 |
| CAD | 17 | 20 | 0.34 |
| PVD | 9 | 11 | 0.39 |
| Alcohol abuse | 59 | 42 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease characteristics | |||
| ALT (U/L), mean (SD) | 69 (54) | 73 (135) | 0.03 |
| AST (U/L), mean (SD) | 124 (110) | 111 (199) | <0.001 |
| Platelets (k/mm3), mean (SD) | 172 (111) | 142 (97) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.7) | 0.23 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 2.4 (3.4) | 2.3 (3.7) | 0.95 |
| MELD score, median (IQR) | 11 (7) | 11 (6) | 0.16 |
| Proportion Child‐Pugh class C (%)* | 21 | 20 | 0.79 |
| Liver cirrhosis (%) † | 92 | 88 | 0.22 |
| Tumor severity | |||
| Tumor size (cm), mean (SD) | 5.3 (3.8) | 4.7 (3.8) | 0.05 |
| AFP (ng/mL) (%) | 0.03 | ||
| <20 | 38 | 49 | |
| 20‐200 | 32 | 23 | |
| >200 | 30 | 29 | |
| Tumors within Milan criteria (%) | 42 | 48 | 0.19 |
| BCLC stage (%) | 0.60 | ||
| A | 25 | 24 | |
| B | 7 | 11 | |
| C | 47 | 44 | |
| D | 21 | 22 | |
| Tumor grade (%) | 0.09 | ||
| Well | 34 | 29 | |
| Moderate | 39 | 54 | |
| Poor | 27 | 17 | |
| Anaplastic | 0 | 1 | |
| Type of insurance (%) | 0.03 | ||
| Medicare | 38 | 46 | |
| Medicaid | 16 | 9 | |
| Private | 38 | 38 | |
| Self‐pay | 8 | 7 | |
| Treatment modalities received (%) | |||
| OLT | 14 | 26 | 0.001 |
| Palliative/hospice care | 31 | 20 | 0.001 |
| Surgical resection | 10 | 16 | 0.06 |
| CDT | 38 | 39 | 0.74 |
| SBRT | 15 | 12 | 0.26 |
| RFA | 2 | 3 | 0.61 |
| Sorafenib | 13 | 10 | 0.16 |
Abbreviations: AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; RFA, radio frequency ablation.
a
*CPS was only assessed for patients with cirrhosis.
b
†Unclassified cases excluded.