Table4.

Results of pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst 3 for the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group after treatment with ghrelin. Hypergeometric test is used for the over-representation analysis. The ‘Total’ column shows the number of compounds in each pathway. The ‘Hit’ column is the number of our query metabolites. The raw P-values are adjusted with Holm and FDR methods. The ‘Impact’ refers to the impact of each pathway from topological analyses, here, according to the relative betweenness centrality, for measuring the importance of pathways.

Metabolic pathway	Total	Expected	Hits	Raw P-values	-log (p)	Holm adjust	FDR	Impact
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis	4	0.028	2	0.000273	8.2067	0.021826	0.01105	1
Phenylalanine metabolism	9	0.064	2	0.001606	6.434	0.12688	0.032522	0.40
Histidine metabolism	15	0.106	2	0.004578	5.3865	0.35252	0.074166	0.24
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis	11	0.078	1	0.075982	2.5773	1	0.61545	0.33
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	32	0.228	1	0.20677	1.5761	1	0.9852	0.29
Tyrosine metabolism	42	0.299	1	0.26298	1.3357	1	1	0.14