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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Urology. 2018 Oct 28;123:34–43. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.09.012

Table 2:

Relationships between general obesity (BMI), overweight status and LUTS (multivariable logistic regression)

Models using General Obesity Models using Overweight Status Models using BMI
(BMI ≥30 vs. <30) (BMI ≥25 vs. <25) (continuous measures)
Dependent
Variable		 Variable Odds
Ratio
(OR)		 Lower
95%
CI		 Upper
95% CI		 FDR
adjusted
p-value		 Variable Odds
Ratio
(OR)		 Lower
95%
CI		 Upper
95%
CI		 FDR
adjusted
p-value		 Variable Odds
Ratio
(OR)		 Lower
95%
CI		 Upper
95%
CI		 FDR
adjusted
p-value
UI (odds of
having any
UI) 		General
Obesity		 1.443 1.058 1.968 0.028 Overweight 1.323 0.922 1.898 0.160 BMI (per 5
units)		 1.202 1.063 1.359 0.006
Female vs.
Male		 4.644 3.386 6.369 <0.001 Female vs.
Male		 4.832 3.518 6.636 <0.001 Female vs.
Male		 4.641 3.382 6.369 <0.001
SUI (in
Females
only) # 		General
Obesity		 1.931 1.132 3.296 0.023 Overweight 1.395 0.792 2.457 0.283 BMI (per 5
units)		 1.318 1.087 1.599 0.009
UUI General Obesity 1.857 1.316 2.619 0.001 Overweight 1.280 0.840 1.949 0.283 BMI (per 5
units)		 1.305 1.142 1.492 <0.001
Female vs.
Male		 6.387 4.526 9.012 <0.001 Female vs.
Male		 7.081 4.973 10.084 <0.001 Female vs.
Male		 6.377 4.514 9.009 <0.001
Hypertension
(Yes vs. No)		 1.487 1.015 2.178 0.059  
OAB General
Obesity –
Males		 1.157 0.787 1.699 0.502 Overweight 1.778 1.285 2.461 0.001 BMI (per 5
units) Male		 1.047 0.886 1.238 0.588
General
Obesity –
Females		 2.432 1.576 3.753 <0.001 BMI (per 5
units) Female		 1.385 1.182 1.623 <0.001
Female vs.
Male		 2.220 1.665 2.960 <0.001
Age (per 10
years)		 1.141 1.030 1.263 0.019 Age (per 10
years)		 1.129 1.019 1.251 0.037 Age (per 10
years)		 1.135 1.025 1.257 0.021
OAB with
UUI vs.
without UUI
(among
those with
OAB only) ^ 		General
Obesity		 1.789 1.22 2.624 0.007 Overweight 1.132 0.708 1.811 0.628 BMI (per 5
units)		 1.26 1.079 1.472 0.006
Female vs.
Male		 4.498 3.073 6.585 <0.001 Female vs.
Male		 4.716 3.230 6.885 <0.001 Female vs.
Male		 4.449 3.039 6.512 <0.001
Urgency
Symptoms 		General
Obesity –
Males		 1.217 0.828 1.789 0.366 Overweight 1.671 1.190 2.346 0.008 BMI (per 5
units)		 1.22 1.083 1.375 0.003
General
Obesity –
Females		 2.573 1.566 4.228 0.001
Female vs.
Male		 3.009 2.226 4.066 <0.001 Female vs.
Male		 2.812 2.086 3.792 <0.001
Black vs.
Non-Black		 1.742 1.022 2.969 0.050 Black vs.
Non-Black		 1.790 1.052 3.046 0.052
Frequency
Symptoms 		General
Obesity		 1.597 1.149 2.22 0.010 Overweight 1.229 0.848 1.782 0.300 BMI (per 5
units)		 1.227 1.077 1.397 0.005
Black vs.
Non-Black		 2.248 1.172 4.313 0.023 Black vs.
Non-Black		 2.266 1.181 4.350 0.028 Black vs. non-
Black		 2.19 1.14 4.207 0.026
Hypertension
(Yes vs. No)		 1.405 1.004 1.968 0.062
Nocturia ≥1 General
Obesity		 1.132 0.737 1.74 0.598 Overweight 1.600 1.015 2.523 0.059 BMI (per 5
units) Males		 0.792 0.598 1.049 0.116
BMI (per 5
units) Female		 1.185 0.986 1.425 0.082
Female vs.
Male		 0.525 0.335 0.823 0.010 Female vs.
Male		 0.544 0.347 0.853 0.019
Age (per 10
years)		 1.311 1.131 1.521 0.001 Age (per 10
years)		 1.305 1.124 1.515 0.001 Age (per 10
years)		 1.316 1.132 1.529 0.001
Dyslipidemia
(Yes vs. No)		 1.894 1.057 3.394 0.041 Dyslipidemia
(Yes vs. No)		 1.832 1.020 3.289 0.059 Dyslipidemia
(Yes vs. No		 1.854 1.031 3.335 0.047
Nocturia ≥2 General
Obesity		 1.028 0.779 1.357 0.845 Overweight 0.993 0.716 1.377 0.966 BMI (per 5
units)		 1.029 0.93 1.139 0.588
Female vs.
Male		 0.728 0.551 0.961 0.044 Female vs.
Male		 0.723 0.547 0.955 0.03
Age (per 10
years)		 1.374 1.236 1.528 <0.001 Age (per 10
years)		 1.355 1.218 1.507 <0.001 Age (per 10
years)		 1.355 1.218 1.507 <0.001
Black vs.
Non-Black		 2.833 1.728 4.643 <0.001 Black vs.
Non-Black		 2.862 1.741 4.703 <0.001 Black vs. non-
Black		 2.815 1.713 4.626 <0.001
Dyslipidemia
(Yes vs. No)		 1.547 1.135 2.109 0.010 Dyslipidemia
(Yes vs. No)		 1.493 1.092 2.039 0.026 Dyslipidemia
(Yes vs. No)		 1.478 1.081 2.021 0.021
#

Males with a history of prostate cancer were excluded from the study. Since male SUI was rare, only female SUI was analyzed.

^

Comparing OAB with UUI versus OAB without UUI (“OAB-wet” versus “OAB-dry”).

Abbreviations: CI = confidence limit; FDR = false discovery rate; OAB = overactive bladder syndrome; SUI = stress urinary incontinence; UI = urinary incontinence; UUI = urgency urinary incontinence