Table 2. List of cases reported in the literature.

Reference	Age (year)	Admission diagnosis	Site of lesion	Number of endoscopic procedures	Intervention	Proposed etiology of downhill varices
Areia et al. (1)	89	Melena	Grade 2 esophageal varices just below the upper esophageal sphincter	2	None	Severe pulmonary hypertension
Harwani et al. (2)	55	Hematemesis and melena	2 columns of large varices extending from post cricoid region downwards to small varices in mid esophagus, 3 columns of large varices in lower esophagus extending upwards	1	Variceal ligation	Severe pulmonary hypertension, secondary to rheumatic heart disease
Jammal (3)	31	Abdominal pain	Small and medium varices in upper and middle esophagus	1	Unknown	SVC thrombosis
Rhoades et al. (4)	57	Hematemesis	At level of aortic arch	1	Variceal banding	Idiopathic
Loudin et al. (7)	22	Hematemesis	Three large varices at proximal esophagus	1	Balloon dilation SVC	SVC occlusion
Nguyen et al. (8)	39	Hematemesis	Four columns of large esophageal varices 25 cm to the distal esophagus, just above the GE junction	1	Balloon dilation SVC	SVC occlusion
Froilán et al. (9)	49	Hematemesis	Grade 2 esophageal varices confined to the proximal and mid esophagus	1	Sclerotherapy of varices, SVC stenting	SVC occlusion
Vorlop et al. (11)	42	Hematemesis	Proximal	1	Angioplasty and stenting SVC	SVC occlusion
Tavakkoli et al. (12)	42	Superior vena cava syndrome	Upper third of esophagus	1	Variceal ligation	SVC thrombosis
Bédard et al. (13)	68	Hematemesis	Upper esophageal varices	1	Goiter resection	Goiter compressing SVC
Colak et al. (14)	53	Weight loss	Proximal esophageal varices	1	Unknown	Mediastinal mass compressing SVC
Nayudu et al. (15)	48	Hematemesis and melena	Grade 3 esophageal varices in the upper third of the esophagus	1	Balloon dilation SVC	SVC occlusion
Berkowitz et al. (16)	32	Hematemesis and melena	Grade 2/3 esophageal varices in upper and mid esophagus	1	Ligation	SVC occlusion

SVC, superior vena cava.