Table 1. Incidence and case fatality rate of community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
| Period | Authors [reference] | Study years | Country | Incidencea | Case-fatality rate | HCAP inclusion | Outpatient inclusion | Pneumonia assessment | Study type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-PCV7 period | Kaplan et al. [18] | 1997 | US | ≥65 years: 1,830 | 10.6 | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective |
| Jackson et al. [16] | 1998–2001 | US | ≥65 years: 2,840 | 3.6 | Inclusion | Inclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| Griffin et al. [14] | 1997–1999 | US | 18–64 years: 107–336 | NA | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| ≥65 years: 1,293–5,697 | |||||||||
| Lovering et al. [19] | 1994–1996 | UK | 16–59 years: 52–106 | 18.9 | Inclusion | Inclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| ≥60 years: 275–720 | |||||||||
| Millett at al. [20] | 1997–2005 | UK | ≥65 years: 630–793 | NA | Inclusion | Inclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| Monge et al. [21] | 1995–1996 | Spain | <65 years: 93 | <65 years: 2.7 | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| ≥65 years: 523 | ≥65 years: 11.6 | ||||||||
| Gutierrez et al. [15] | 1999–2001 | Spain | 15–64 years: 68–108 | NA | Inclusion | Inclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| ≥65 years: 237–526 | |||||||||
| Post-PCV7 period | Takaki et al. [32] | 2008–2010 | Japan | 15–64 years: 340 | NA | Exclusion | Inclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective |
| 65–74 years: 1,070 | |||||||||
| ≥75 years: 4,290 | |||||||||
| Griffin et al. [14] | 2001–2009 | US | 18–64 years: 89–370 | NA | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| ≥65 years: 1,208–5,209 | |||||||||
| Simonsen et al. [31] | 2007–2009 | US | 18–64 years: 86.4–267.7 | NA | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| ≥65 years: 1,438.4 | |||||||||
| Millett et al. [20] | 2006–2010 | UK | ≥65 years: 1,375.2 | NA | Inclusion | Inclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| Schnoor et al. [30] | 2003–2004 | German | ≥18 years: 370–1,010 | 3.6 | Inclusion | Inclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| Vila-Corcoles et al. [33] | 2002–2005 | Spain | ≥65 years: 1,050 | 15.0 | Inclusion | Exclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| Sicras et al. [24] | 2008–2009 | Spain | 18–64 years: 180–320 | 2.5 | Inclusion | Inclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| ≥65 years: 510–810 | |||||||||
| Ochoa et al. [22] | 2002–2005 | Spain | ≥65 years: 1,400 | 13.0 | Inclusion | Inclusion | ICD, physician assessment | Prospective | |
| Gil-Prieto et al. [13] | 2003–2007 | Spain | ≥50 years: 627 | 17.0 | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| ≥65 years: 1,029 | |||||||||
| Post-PCV13 period | Choi et al. [1] | 2009–2013 | South Korea | 50–64 years: 477–600 | NA | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective |
| 65–74 years: 1,557–1,801 | |||||||||
| ≥75 years: 3,679–4,935 | |||||||||
| Heo et al. [2] | 2011–2014 | South Korea | 50–69 years: 369 | 6.2 | Inclusion | Exclusion | Physician assessment | Retrospective | |
| 70–79 years: 1,679 | |||||||||
| ≥80 years: 4,865 | |||||||||
| Morimoto et al. [29] | 2011–2013 | Japan | 55–64 years: 650 | 8.0 | Inclusion | Exclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| 65–74 years: 1,690 | |||||||||
| 75–84 years: 4,340 | |||||||||
| Simonsen et al. [25] | 2011–2012 | US | 18–64 years: 80.1–258.2 | NA | Inclusion | Exclusion | ICD code | Retrospective | |
| ≥65 years: 1,375.2 | |||||||||
| Jain et al. [17] | 2010–2012 | US | 50–64 years: 263 | NA | Exclusion | Exclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| 65–79 years: 630 | |||||||||
| ≥80 years: 1,643 | |||||||||
| Ramirez et al. [23] | 2014–2016 | US | 18–64 years: 327 | 6.5 | Inclusion | Exclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| ≥65 years: 2,093 | |||||||||
| Lopardo et al. [28] | 2012–2015 | Argentina | 18–64 years: 228–1,100 | 12.1 | Inclusion | Inclusion | Physician assessment | Prospective | |
| ≥65 years: 2,949 | |||||||||
| Uruguay | 18–64 years: 270–612 | ||||||||
| ≥65 years: 1,981 | |||||||||
| Paraguay | 18–64 years: 48–293 | ||||||||
| ≥65 years: 1,090 |
HCAP, healthcare-associated pneumonia; PCV7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; NA, not available; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
aCases/100,000 person-year.