Table III.
Exosomal miRNAs in the top three mortality cancer types.
| A, Lung cancer | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, year | miRNAs | Study design | Sample | Clinical significance | Approach | Performance | (Refs.) |
| Rabinowits et al, 2009 | miR-17-p/21/106a/146/155/191/192/203/205/210/212/214 | Case-control | Human plasma | Diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC | Microarray | Increase | (51) |
| Munagala et al, 2016 | miR-21/155 | Animal model Cell model | Athymic nude mice H1299, Beas-2b | Possible prognostic markers for lung cancer recurrence | Microarray, qPCR | Increase | (52) |
| Liu et al, 2017 | miR-23b-3p/10b-5p/21-5p | Case-control | Human plasma | Independent non-invasive prognostic markers for NSCLC | qPCR | Increase | (53) |
| Liu et al, 2016 | miR-21 | Patients Cell model | Human serum CSE-transformed HBE cells | Promoting CSE-induced angiogenesis and malignant transformation of HBE cells | qPCR | Increase | (58) |
| Hsu et al, 2017 | miR-23a | Patients Cell model | Human serum Hypoxic CL1-5 | Stimulating the angiogenesis, intrava-sation and extravasation in lung cancer | qPCR | Increase | (59) |
| Fabbri et al, 2012 | miR-21/29a | Cell model, Animal model | A549, SK-MES WT B6 mice B6 TLR7−/−mice | Triggering tumour growth and metastasis | qPCR | Increase | (60) |
| Qin et al, 2017 | miR-100-5p | Cell model | A549/DDP | Altering the recipient lung cancer cells' resistance to DDP | Microarray, qPCR | Decrease | (61) |
| Yuwen et al, 2017 | miR-146a-5p | Patients Cell model | Human serum A549/DDP | Reversing the resistance of A549/DDP | qPCR | Increase | (62) |
| B, Liver cancer | |||||||
| Author, year | miRNAs | Study design | Sample | Clinical significance | Approach | Performance | (Refs.) |
| Sohn et al, 2015 | miR-18a/221/222/224 | Case-control | Human serum | Discriminating HCC from LC or CHB | qPCR | Increase | (67) |
| Sohn et al, 2015 | miR-101/106b/122/195 | Case-control | Human serum | Discriminating HCC from CHB | qPCR | Decrease | (67) |
| Wang et al, 2014; Liu et al, 2017 | miR-21/125b | Case-control | Human serum | Discriminating HCC from CHB or healthy controls | qPCR | Increase | (68,69) |
| Wei et al, 2015 | Vps4A-related miRNAs | Cell model | SMMC-7721, Hep3B, Huh-7 | Regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promoting proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells | RNA sequencing | Increase | (71) |
| Lou et al, 2015 | miR-122 | Cell model | AMSC | Enhancing the effect 5-FU or sorafenib on HCC cells | qPCR | Increase | (77) |
| C, Gastric cancer | |||||||
| Author, year | miRNAs | Study design | Sample | Clinical significance | Approach | Performance | (Refs.) |
| Wang et al, 2017 | miR-19b-3p/106a-5 | Case-control | Human serum | Potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GC | qPCR | Increase | (82) |
| Tokuhisa, et al, 2015 | miR-21/1225-5p | Patients Cell model | Peritoneum lavage fluid, OCUM-2M OCUM-2MD3 | Prognostic biomarkers for peritoneal recurrence after curative GC resection | Microarray, qPCR | Increase | (83) |
| Huang et al, 2017 | miR-10b-5p/miR-195-5p/miR-20a-3p/miR-296-5p | Case-control | Human serum | Discriminating GC patients from healthy controls | qPCR | Increase | (84) |
| Wang et al, 2014 | miR-221 | Patients Cell model Animal model | Human tissue GC-MSCs BALB/cnu/nu nude mice | Promoting HGC-27 cells proliferation and migration | Microarray, qPCR | Increase | (85) |
| Zheng et al, 2017 | miR-21 | Cell model Animal model | M2 macrophages athymic C57-nudemice | Conferring DDP resistance in GC cells | Microarray, qPCR | Increase | (92) |
| Wang et al, 2018 | Anti-miR-214 | Cell model Animal model | SGC7901, SGC7901/DDP BALB/c-nude mice | Reversing the resistance of GC cells to DDP | qPCR | Increase | (93) |
NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; CSE-transformed HBE cells, cigarette smoke extrac-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. Hypoxic lung cancer cell, hypoxic CL1-5; DDP, cisplatin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LC, liver cirrhosis; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; AMSC, adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cell; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; GC, gastric cancer; GC-MSCs, gastric cancer tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction.