Skip to main content
. 2018 May 21;22(1):1–9. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy042

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

(A) CSF-corrected levels of N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (tNAA) (NAA+NAAG) in Institutional Units (IU) in left insula of methamphetamine users (MA), control smokers, and control nonsmokers. Horizontal bars denote group means. *P<.05 for difference between the methamphetamine users and controls by independent t test. (B) Associations of tNAA in right inferior frontal cortex vs years of heavy methamphetamine use. P = .032, Pearson with Bonferroni correction. P = .047, (r = +0.34, Spearman) when effects of age, BDI Score, and pack-years of smoking were partialled out. (C–D) Negative associations of right insula glutamatergic compounds with symptoms of depression and anxiety in methamphetamine users. Y axes indicate CSF-corrected levels of Glx (Glu+ glutamine) in Institutional Units (IU). Depressive symptoms were self-reported using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and state anxiety was self-reported using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. P<*.05, ***.0005, Spearman with Bonferroni correction, partialling sex, age, smoking status, marijuana status, and gray and white matter.