Table 3.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Risk Factors on Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia by Logistic Regression (n=157)
| Explanatory variables | N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS (n=49) | Non-MS (n=108) | |||||
| Age in years | 1.04 | (1.01–1.08)* | 1.03 | (0.98–1.09) | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 18 (36.7) | 62 (57.4) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
| Male | 31 (63.3) | 46 (42.6) | 2.32 | (1.16–4.65)* | 1.45 | (0.60–3.48) |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| No | 34 (69.4) | 85 (78.7) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
| Yes | 14 (28.6) | 18 (16.7) | 1.94 | (0.87–4.34) | 1.82 | (0.69–4.80) |
| Missing | 1 (2.0) | 5 (4.6) | 0.50 | (0.06–4.44) | 0.06 | (0.01–1.51) |
| Type of antipsychotics | ||||||
| Less obesogenic APs | 10 (20.4) | 39 (36.1) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
| Clozapine | 39 (79.6) | 69 (63.9) | 2.20 | (0.99–4.90) | 1.55 | (0.62–3.87) |
| BPRS scores | 0.99 | (0.93–1.06) | 0.99 | (0.92–1.06) | ||
| APs treatment duration in years | 1.03 | (0.99–1.07) | 1.00 | (0.95–1.05) | ||
| Orexin-A | ||||||
| 1st tertile (0.33–0.93) | 10 (20.4) | 2 (1.9) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
| 2nd tertile (0.94–1.59) | 21 (42.9) | 51 (47.2) | 0.08 | (0.02, 0.41)** | 0.04 | (0.01, 0.38)** |
| 3rd tertile (1.60–3.18) | 18 (36.7) | 55 (50.9) | 0.07 | (0.01, 0.33)** | 0.04 | (0.01, 0.36)** |
Abbreviations: Aps, antipsychotics; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-18; MS, metabolic syndrome; OR odds ratio.
*P<.05, **P<.01.