Table 4.

Comparison of Basal-Bolus Delivery Methods.

	Pens and needles	PAQ®	V-Go®	OmniPod®	Paradigm Revel™
		Wearable device	Wearable device	Wearable pump—PDM for programming	Infusion set tethered to programmable pump
Simple
No. of training visits	1	1a (within 60  minutes)	Data not available	2-3b (2-3  hours/visit)	2-3b (2-3  hours/visit)
Needle sticks	⩾2 to 9c per day	Cannula placed every 3 days	Needle placed once per day	Cannula placed once every 3 days	Cannula placed once every 3 days
Insulin administered	Rapid, intermediate Long-acting Mixtures	One—Rapid-acting
Discreet
Dosing	No	Yes—worn under clothing
Notification of insulin flow	NA	Yes—through vibration	NA	No—audible alarm	No—audible alarm
Safe and effective insulin delivery
Mode of basal insulin delivery	Large volume injection	CSIId	CSIId	CSIId	CSIId
Reservoir volume	NA	140-330e	76 U/day, 36 U for bolus, 20-40 basal	85-200	176-300
Basal delivery	NA	7 preset rates	3 preset rates	Programmable rates	Programmable rates
Bolus increment (units)	One injection at each meal	2 /push of button	2 /push of button	Programmable: 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0	Programmable: 0.025, 0.05, or 0.10
Satisfaction	Nof	Yesc	Yesg	Yesh	Yesi
Out of insulin/occlusion detection	NA	Yes (vibration)	No	Yes (alarm)	Yes (alarm)

^a.PAQ insulin delivery device summative human factors study report CQR-15008-02.

^b.CeQur interviews with diabetes educators.

^c.Mader J, et al. Diabet Med. 2018. Published online: June 11, 2018 (doi:10.1111/dme.13708. PMID: 29888811).

^d.Parkner T, et al. Diabet Med. 2008;25:585-591.

^e.Fill volume is dependent upon the amount needed over 3 days by the user.

^f.Peyrot M, et al. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):240-245.

^g.Rosenfeld C, et al. Endocr Pract. 2012;18(5):660-667.

^h.Polonsky W, et al. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016;18(10):664-670.

^i.Raskin P, et al. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2598-2603; Aronson R, et al. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015;17(Supp 1):A11.