Table 6.
Factors associated with depression among patients receiving ART.
| Characteristic | Depression 1 | PHQ-9 Score 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | Coef | 95%CI | |
| Gender (Female vs. Male) | 0.37 * | 0.12; 1.10 | ||
| Marital status (Live with spouse/partner vs. Single) | 4.66 ** | 1.25; 17.42 | ||
| HIV stage (Symptomatic vs. asymptomatic) | 4.50 *** | 1.99; 7.00 | ||
| Number of CD4 cell at the start of ART (vs. ≥ 500) | ||||
| 350 ≤ CD4 cell count < 500 | 4.18 ** | 1.15; 15.21 | 0.44 | −1.28; 2.12 |
| <350 | 1.09 | 0.37; 3.25 | 0.08 | −1.39; 1.55 |
| Type of services (no HCT vs. having HCT) | 8.37 *** | 2.47; 28.34 | 1.39 * | −0.23; 3.00 |
| Satisfied with treatment results (Yes vs. No) | 0.18 * | 0.03; 1.09 | −4.35 *** | −6.82; −1.87 |
| AUDIT score | 0.29 ** | 0.07; 0.50 | ||
| Currently using drug (Yes vs. No) | 0.33 | 0.07; 1.45 | ||
| Having the problems with mobility (Yes vs. No) | 2.62 *** | 1.03; 4.21 | ||
| Having problems performing daily activities (Yes vs. No) | 1.65 | 0.61; 4.44 | 1.78 ** | 0.12; 3.45 |
| Pain/discomfort (Yes vs. No) | 7.23 *** | 1.79; 29.15 | ||
| Complication and concurrent disease (Yes vs. No) | 1.61 ** | 0.20; 3.02 | ||
| Suffer from discrimination in (Yes vs. No) | ||||
| Work place | 19.69 *** | 2.55; 152.13 | 2.43 | −0.48; 5.33 |
| Health facilities | 12.91 * | 0.97; 171.12 | ||
| Community | 3.57 ** | 1.20; 10.62 | 1.96 ** | 0.40; 3.51 |
| Disclose health status with (Yes vs. No) | ||||
| Family | −1.46 ** | −2.85; −0.06 | ||
| Relatives | 3.26 | 0.62; 17.18 | 2.88 ** | 0.68; 5.07 |
| Health workers | −1.83 * | −3.98; 0.32 | ||
| Peer educators | 0.03 * | 0.00; 1.94 | ||
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1; 1 Multivariate logistic regression model; 2 Multivariate Tobit regression model.