Skip to main content
. 2018 Dec 13;15(12):2843. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122843

Table 3.

Interventions to mitigate frailty and its consequences.

Article (Ref. Number) Name of the Intervention/Project Aims Target Groups Tools/Assessment Type of Intervention
Cano [59] FOCUS Contribute to the reduction of burden created by frailty by reviewing innovative practices.

  • Elderly and their caregivers.

  • Stakeholders.

  • Partners of EIP-AHA.

  • Member States.

  • Quantitative approach: 2 systematic reviews; analyses of activities of EIP-AHA.

  • Qualitative approach: metasynthesis of stakeholders’ reports.

  • Focus groups meetings.

  • Structured surveys.

  • Delphi consensus.

  • Skype conferences.

  • On site meetings.

  • Virtual meetings of the network.
www.frailsafe-project.eu. [61] FrailSafe Quantify frailty and eventually prevent it by analysing physiological, cognitive, behavioural and social parameters in real-time. Older person NA NA
Wijnhoven [63] Prevention of Malnutrition In Senior Subject (PROMISS) prevent protein malnutrition in community dwelling older adults in Europe. Community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older. Protein screener questionnaire: it consists of questions on weight and height, and the consumption several foods selected because of their impact on protein malnutrition. Data from 1348 older men and women (LASA study) were used to develop the questionnaire and data from 563 older man and women (HELIUS study) were used for external validation
Ramalho [64] Community-based exercise intervention for gait and functional fitness improvement in an older population. Evaluate at 0, 12, 24, 36 weeks if a periodic community program will have significantly results in the improvement of gait and functional fitness parameters A total of 191 people.
Inclusion criteria: ≥65 years old people; community dwelling living; understand the Portuguese language.
  • -

    SFT (Senior Fitness Tests).

  • -

    Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale.

  • -

    TFFS (Total Functional Fitness Score).

  • -

    YPAS (Yale Physical Activity Survey).

 The intervention: posture control, balance (static and dynamic), strength and agility of lower limbs and aerobic capacity for 36 weeks, twice a week, for 50 minutes each session. The control group will be composed by older people that will receive standard care.
Carnide [65] 3Fights@Edu Promote functional capacity and independent living by empowering elderly people and their families to understand the aging process Older adults and their families. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) providing information on ageing changes to help older adults to take decisions about Risk and actions Three hours course (3 sessions of 1 hour) run over one week, available three times per year
Provision of online materials and discussion forums
Dias [66] H2020 i-PROGNOSIS project Mitigate frailty by acting on Parkinson’s Disease (PD) symptoms in a personalized and gamified environment. Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Targeting intelligent intervention in PD area, the Personalised Game Suite (PGS) integrates different serious games in a unified platform, namely:
  • -

    ExerGames,

  • -

    DietaryGames,

  • -

    EmoGames, and

  • -

    Handwriting/Voice Games.

 Intervention platform with the integration of Serious Games to assist physical exercise, handwriting, diet improvement, and better control of emotions of PD patients.
Illario [67] NutriLive Promote a nutritional approach for prevention of functional decline and frailty across the whole European continent. Inclusion criteria:
≥65 years citizens
  • -

    Community dwelling

  • -

    Living in assisted living facilities

  • -

    inpatients at hospitals.
  • -

    Screening Assessment and Monitoring Pyramid Model (SAM-AP).

  • -

    Biomarkers

 An ICT platform will be set up and promoted during popular events, such as food blogger competitions on specific needs,
Arcopinto [68] ICT-based polypharmacy management program Give to each patient a personalized therapy that balances benefits and harms. Older adults Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment plus Computerized prescription support system NA
Vuolo e Barrea [69,70] PERSSILAA (PERsonalised ICT Supported Services for Independent Living and Active Ageing) Develope remote service modules for:
  • -

    Screening to get an overall picture of a person’s health status.

  • -

    Monitoring of everyday functioning.

  • -

    Training—remotely available health promotion programs.

 A total of 350 over >65 years’ citizens
Exclusion criteria: evident frailty, dependency in ADL, moderate to advanced dementia.
  • -

    Anthropometric measurements.

  • -

    Muscle strength.

  • -

    Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound scan.

  • -

    PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) questionnaire.

 Health promotion and Education in community dwelling older adults
Health Directorate, Lazio Region [71] The heat prevention plan of Lazio Region Mitigate mortality during heat waves in frail elderly population. The ≥65 years community dwellings with medium-high or high susceptibility to heat waves. Susceptibility score associated to the risk of dying during heat waves, based on administrative healthcare databases or GPs clinical evaluation. GP’s active surveillance (phone calls, home visits, other home-based treatment) during heat waves; information to patients and families during summer.

EIP-AHA: European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing; NA: Not Available; GP: General Practitioner.