Table 1.

Comparison of components, criteria, criterions in GPIUs and SPIUs proposals.

Components/Criteria	Subcomponents/Criterions	GPIU (Addiction; Griffiths, 2005 [18])	GPIU (Internet addiction; Tao et al., 2010 [21])	SPIU (IGD; APA, 2013 [22])	SPIU (online gaming; Charlton & Danforth, 2007 [25])	GPIU (CIUS; Meerkerk, Van Den Eijnden, Vermulst, & Garretsen, 2009 [39])
Salience [18,39], Preoccupation [21,22,25]	Cognitive salience [25,39]	When the activity becomes the most important thing and dominates person’s thinking, feelings, and behaviours	A strong thinking ongoing online	Do you spend a lot of time thinking about games even when you are not playing, or planning when you can play next?	I rarely think about playing when I am not using a computer	6. Do you think about the Internet, even when not online? 7. Do you look forward to your next Internet session?
	Behavioural salience [25,39]				I often fail to get enough sleep/miss meals because of playing	4. Do you prefer to use the Internet instead of spending time with others (e.g., partner, children, parents)?
Mood modification [18,25], alleviation of negative emotions [21,39], deceit or cover up [22] or escaping adverse moods [22,39]	Manage tension	Subjective experience as a consequence of engaging in the activity to increase or decrease tension to escape, or disconnect	Being online to escape or being relieved	Do you lie to family, friends or others about how much you game, or try to keep your family or friends from knowing how much you game?	I often experience a buzz of excitement while playing	12. Do you go on the Internet when you are feeling down?
	To escape or relieve			Do you game to escape from or forget about personal problems, or to relieve uncomfortable feelings, such as guilt, anxiety, helplessness or depression?		13. Do you use the Internet to escape from your sorrows or get relief from negative feelings?
Tolerance [18,21,22,25]		The need to increase amounts of the activity to achieve the preceding pleasant effects	Marked increase in online use to achieve satisfaction	Do you feel the need to play for increasing amounts of time, play more exciting games, or use more powerful equipment to get the same amount of excitement you used to get?	I tend to want to spend increasing amounts of time playing
Withdrawal [18,21,25,39]		Unpleasant feeling states or physical effects when the activity is reduced or stopped	Dysphoric mood, anxiety, or boredom after days without online activity	Do you feel restless, irritable, moody, angry, anxious or sad when attempting to cut down or stop gaming, or when you are unable to play?	When I am not playing, I often feel agitated	14. Do you feel restless, frustrated, or irritated when you cannot use the Internet?
Conflict [18,25,39], loss of interests [21], give up other activities [22]	Intrapersonal [18,25,39], clinical impairment [21]	Conflicts from within the individual themselves		Do you lose interest in or reduce participation in other recreational activities (hobbies, meetings with friends) due to gaming? Do you risk or lose significant relationships, or job, educational or career opportunities because of gaming?	My social life/work has sometimes suffered because of my playing	8. Do you think you should use the Internet less often? 10. Do you rush through your (home) work in order to go on the Internet?
	Interpersonal [18,39], loss of interests and clinical impairment [21]	Conflicts between the addict and those around them	Online use substitutes (e.g., hobbies)		Arguments have sometimes arisen at home because of the time I spend playing	3. Do others (e.g., partner, children, parents) say you should use the Internet less? 11. Do you neglect your daily obligations (work, school, or family life) because you prefer to go on the Internet?
Relapse [18] and relapse reinstatement [25]		Tendency for repeated reversions to earlier patterns of the activity to be quickly restored after time of abstinence or control			I have made unsuccessful attempts to reduce the time I spend playing
Persistent desire and difficulty to control it [21,39], reduction/stop [22,39]			Not being able to maintain a regular online usage pattern	Do you feel that you should play less, but are unable to cut back on the amount of time you spend playing games?		1. Do you find it difficult to stop using the Internet when you are online? 2. Do you continue to use the Internet despite your intention to stop? 5. Are you short of sleep because of the Internet? 9. Have you unsuccessfully tried to spend less time on the Internet?
Continued use disregarding harmful consequences [21,22]			Being online even causing psychological or physical harm to oneself	Do you continue to play games even though you are aware of negative consequences, such as not getting enough sleep, being late to school/work, spending too much money, having arguments with others, or neglecting important duties?

Note: GPIU = Generalised Problematic Internet Use; SPIU = Specific Problematic Internet Use; IGD = Internet Gaming Disorder; APA = American Psychiatric Association; CIUS = Compulsive Internet Use Scale.