Table 3.
Differences in nephrotic syndrome incidences and associated HRs in participants exposed to various daily average concentrations of air pollutants.
| Pollutant Levels | N | Event | PY | IR | cHR | 95%CI | aHR | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SO2 1 | ||||||||
| Q1 | 42,331 | 184 | 493,552 | 3.73 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Q2 | 38,242 | 129 | 448,116 | 2.88 | 0.77 | (0.62, 0.97) | 0.80 | (0.64, 1.00) |
| Q3 | 46,411 | 179 | 543,975 | 3.29 | 0.88 | (0.72, 1.08) | 0.97 | (0.79, 1.20) |
| Q4 | 34,986 | 284 | 407,059 | 6.98 | 1.87 | (1.56,2.25) *** | 2.00 | (1.66, 2.41) *** |
| NOx 2 | ||||||||
| Q1 | 38,640 | 126 | 451,937 | 2.79 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Q2 | 43,026 | 207 | 503,906 | 4.11 | 1.47 | (1.18, 1.84) *** | 1.32 | (1.00, 1.73) * |
| Q3 | 33,722 | 154 | 395,166 | 3.90 | 1.40 | (1.10, 1.77) ** | 1.15 | (0.79, 1.68) |
| Q4 | 46,582 | 289 | 541,693 | 5.34 | 1.91 | (1.55, 2.36) *** | 1.41 | (0.89, 2.22) |
| NO 3 | ||||||||
| Q1 | 39,715 | 127 | 465,107 | 2.73 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Q2 | 41,048 | 201 | 480,251 | 4.19 | 1.66 | (1.33, 2.07) *** | 1.34 | (1.02, 1.77) * |
| Q3 | 36,125 | 151 | 423,750 | 3.56 | 1.64 | (1.28, 2.09) *** | 1.12 | (0.76, 1.64) |
| Q4 | 45,082 | 297 | 523,594 | 5.67 | 2.49 | (2.01, 3.09) *** | 1.47 | (0.92, 2.35) |
| NO2 4 | ||||||||
| Q1 | 36,028 | 127 | 421,548 | 3.01 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Q2 | 47,267 | 228 | 553,336 | 4.12 | 1.37 | (1.10, 1.70) ** | 1.23 | (0.94, 1.61) |
| Q3 | 48,038 | 208 | 563,416 | 3.69 | 1.23 | (0.98, 1.53) | 1.02 | (0.69, 1.51) |
| Q4 | 30,637 | 213 | 354,402 | 6.01 | 2.00 | (1.61, 2.49) *** | 1.35 | (0.78, 2.33) |
| PM2.5 5 | ||||||||
| Q1 | 46,591 | 129 | 545,526 | 2.36 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Q2 | 35,537 | 126 | 416,539 | 3.02 | 1.28 | (1.00, 1.64) * | 1.33 | (0.91, 1.93) |
| Q3 | 39,160 | 212 | 457,761 | 4.63 | 1.96 | (1.57, 2.44) *** | 1.96 | (1.08, 3.55) * |
| Q4 | 40,682 | 309 | 472,877 | 6.53 | 2.77 | (2.26, 3.40) *** | 2.53 | (1.08, 5.94) * |
Q1 = first quartile. Q2 = second quartile. Q3 = third quartile. Q4 = fourth quartile. PY = person-years. IR = incidence rate, (per 10,000 person-years). cHR = crude hazard ratio. aHR = adjusted hazard ratio. CI = confidence interval. Ref. = reference group. 1 Adjusted HR was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, and urbanization level. 2 Adjusted HR was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, and urbanization level, and interaction of NOx and monthly income. 3 Adjusted HR was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, urbanization level, and interaction of NO and urbanization level. 4 Adjusted HR was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, urbanization level, and interaction of NO and monthly income. 5 Adjusted HR was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, urbanization level, interaction of PM2.5 and age, interaction of PM2.5 and sex, interaction of PM2.5 and monthly income, and interaction of PM2.5 and urbanization level. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.