Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Participants (Total n = 3722).
| Characteristic | Total | Men | Women | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Total | 3722 (100) | 1611 (43.3) | 2111 (56.7) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | ||||
| 65–74 | 1912 (51.4) | 732 (45.4) | 1180 (55.9) | |
| 75–84 | 1443 (38.8) | 668 (41.5) | 775 (36.7) | |
| ≥85 | 367 (9.9) | 211 (13.1) | 156 (7.4) | |
| BMI category | 0.009 | |||
| Underweight | 164 (4.4) | 73 (4.5) | 91 (4.3) | |
| Normal weight | 1500 (40.3) | 674 (41.8) | 826 (39.1) | |
| Overweight | 1154 (31.0) | 517 (32.1) | 637 (30.2) | |
| Obese | 904 (24.3) | 347 (21.5) | 557 (26.4) | |
| Educational level | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 740 (19.9) | 136 (8.5) | 604 (28.7) | |
| Literate/Elementary school | 1605 (43.1) | 642 (40.1) | 963 (45.7) | |
| Junior or senior high school | 958 (25.7) | 512 (32.0) | 446 (21.2) | |
| University or above | 403 (10.8) | 311 (19.4) | 92 (4.4) | |
| Living status | <0.001 | |||
| Living alone | 276 (7.4) | 82 (5.1) | 194 (9.2) | |
| Living with others | 3445 (92.0) | 1529 (94.9) | 1916 (90.8) | |
| Personal characteristics | <0.001 | |||
| Smoking | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 2826 (75.9) | 767 (47.6) | 2059 (97.5) | |
| Former smoker | 541 (14.5) | 523 (32.5) | 18 (0.9) | |
| Current smoker | 355 (9.5) | 321 (19.9) | 34 (1.6) | |
| Alcohol use | <0.001 | |||
| Nondrinker | 3031 (81.4) | 1020 (63.3) | 2011 (95.3) | |
| Former drinker | 191 (5.1) | 180 (11.2) | 11 (0.5) | |
| Current drinker | 355 (9.5) | 411 (25.5) | 89 (4.2) | |
| Volunteering | 0.844 | |||
| Yes | 432 (11.6) | 189 (11.8) | 243 (11.6) | |
| No | 3260 (87.6) | 1410 (88.2) | 1850 (88.4) |
BMI: Body Mass Index; p-values were from Chi-squared tests.