Table 1.

Industrial applications of seaweed.

Industrial Applications	Seaweed	Type	References
Bio-oil production, which can be used as a combustion fuel for green electricity generation	Saccharina japonica	Brown seaweed	[12]
Seaweed extracts as a raw material for the synthesis of bioplastic film	Gracilaria salicornia	Red seaweed	[13]
Seaweed for circular nutrient (N and P) management to reduce eutrophication levels in the aquatic environment Resource for biobased fertiliser production	Saccharina latissima	Brown seaweed	[14]
Biogas production	L. digitata and S. latissima	Brown seaweed	[15]
Production of biochar for carbon sequestration and soil amelioration	Ulva ohnoi	Green seaweed	[16,17]
Source for biofuels	-Not provided-	-Not provided-	[18,19]
Bioenergy (methane) potential of seaweed as a promising seaweed bioenergy option	Laminaria hyperborea	Brown seaweed	[8]
As a multiproduct source for biotechnological, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications	Gracilaria gracilis	Red seaweed	[20]
Agar from seaweed species widely used as a gelling, thickening, and stabilizing agent	-Not provided-	-Not provided-	[21]
Carrageenan used as a home remedy to cure coughs and colds	-Not provided-	Red seaweed	[21]
Edible fresh food	Gracilaria spp.	Red seaweed	[22]
Seaweed anaerobically digested for the production of energy-rich biogas (methane)	-Not provided-	-Not provided-	[17]
Development of biodegradable plastics incorporating natural polymers into conventional plastic formulations	Gelidium robustum	Red seaweed	[11]