Table 4.
Wastewater treatment in removing dyes using seaweed.
| Seaweed | Type | Type of Wastewater | Studied Parameters | Treatment Conditions | Type of Dyes | Treatment Performance | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulva lactuca | Green seaweed | Aqueous solution | T, pH, and t | T = 25 °C pH = 8.0 t = 150 min Biomass = 2.0 g Biomass size = 1.0 mm |
Malachite Green | 94.5% (T = 25 °C) 93.8% (pH = 8.0) 97% (t = 150 min) |
[78] |
| Sargassum crassifolium | Brown seaweed | 95.7 (T = 25 °C) 95.6% (pH = 8.0) 98% (t = 150 min) |
|||||
| Gracilaria corticata | Red seaweed | 93.3% (T = 25 °C) 92.5% (pH = 8.0) 96% (t = 150 min) |
|||||
| Nizamuddinia zanardinii | Brown seaweed | Pure textile methylene blue solution | Dye concentration (10–240 mg/L) | pH = 6.5 dye concentration = 160 mg/L) |
Methylene blue | 565.96 mg/g (Nizamuddinia zanardinii) 77.18 mg/g (Gracilaria parvispora) |
[79] |
| Gracilaria parvispora | Red seaweed | ||||||
| Nizamuddina zanardini | Brown seaweed | Aqueous solution | pH, biomass (1–9 g/L), salinity (0.1–40 g/L NaCl), dye concentration (10–50 mg/L) | pH = 2.0 Biomass = 1 g/L Salinity = 40 g//L NaCl t = 90 min |
Acid Black 1 (AB1) | 58.05% (pH = 2.0) 92.1% (Biomass = 4 g/L) 72.24% (Salinity 40g/L NaCl) 23.37 mg/g maximum biosorption capacity (Dye = 50 mg/L, Biomass = 1 g/L, pH = 2) |
[80] |
| Nizamuddin zanardini | Brown seaweed | Aqueous solution | Dye concentration (10, 30, and 50 mg/L), biomass (1, 3, and 5 g/L), pH (2, 4, and 6) | t = 90 min rpm = 130 T = 27 °C pH = 2.0 Biomass size = 160–250 µm |
Acid Black 1 (AB1) dye (Amino acid staining diazo dye) | 35.59% (Biomass = 5 g/L, dye = 10 mg/L) 99.27% (Biomass = 5 g/L, pH = 2) |
[81] |
| Sargassum glaucescens | 98.12% (Biomass = 5 g/L, pH = 2) | ||||||
| Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea | Green seaweed | Aqueous solution | Dye concentration (5–100 mg/L), pH (3 and 11), biomass (0.1 and 2 g) | t = 90 min (Equilibrium) T = 18 °C pH = 7 |
Methylene blue | 98% (Dye = 50 mg/L, Biomass = 2 g) 95% (Dye = 50 mg/L, T = 27 °C, pH = 11) |
[82] |
| Caulerpa lentillifera | Green seaweed | Aqueous solution | Biomass (0.5–2 g) | Particle size ≤ 20 µm T = 25 °C t = 1 h rpm = 130 pH = 7 ± 0.5 |
Astrazon® Blue FGRL (AB), Astrazon® Red GTLN (AR), and Methylene blue | Methylene Blue = 417 mg/g (Biomass = 0.5 g) | [83] |
| Sargassum muticum | Brown seaweed | Aqueous solution | pH (1–10), dye concentration (50–500 mg/dm3), t | Adsorbent size = 0.5–1 mm Biomass = 0.125 g rpm = 175 T = 25 °C t = 4 h pH = 4 Dye concentration = 50 mg/dm3 |
Methylene blue | 97.4% (Treated with CaCl2) 98.2% (Treated with HCl) 98.0% (Treated with H2CO) |
[84] |