Table 3.
Multivariate binary logistic regression for inconsistent condom use with regular male partners (n = 1404).
| Number of Respondents (n) | % Reporting Inconsistent Condom Use with Regular Male Partner | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18-25 | 271 | 31.4 | REF | REF | ||
| 26–35 | 482 | 37.1 | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 0.078 | 1.02 (0.83–1.26) | 0.823 |
| 36–45 | 429 | 37.8 | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 0.059 | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 0.572 |
| 46+ | 217 | 42.9 | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 0.006 | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 0.469 |
| Place of Birth | ||||||
| Other | 58 | 27.1 | REF | |||
| Japan | 1345 | 37.4 | 1.61 (0.90–2.88) | 0.112 | ||
| Education | ||||||
| High School or less | 360 | 43.3 | REF | REF | ||
| Two-year university | 232 | 37.1 | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.130 | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) | 0.101 |
| University | 682 | 35.0 | 0.71 (0.54–0.92) | 0.009 | 0.64 (0.47–0.88) | 0.005 |
| Graduate degree | 130 | 29.2 | 0.54 (0.35–0.83) | 0.005 | 0.75 (0.46–1.24) | 0.270 |
| Employment | ||||||
| Full-time work | 968 | 38.2 | REF | REF | ||
| Part-time work | 157 | 40.1 | 1.08 (0.77–1.53) | 0.653 | 0.85 (0.56–1.27) | 0.428 |
| Student | 144 | 23.6 | 0.50 (0.33–0.75) | 0.001 | 0.52 (0.30–0.88) | 0.016 |
| Self-employed | 82 | 36.6 | 0.93 (0.58–1.49) | 0.766 | 0.91 (0.54–1.54) | 0.729 |
| Unemployed | 51 | 41.2 | 1.13 (0.64–2.00) | 0.675 | 1.18 (0.62–2.23) | 0.612 |
| Current marital status | ||||||
| Single | 1340 | 36.2 | REF | REF | ||
| Married | 63 | 54.0 | 2.07 (1.24–3.43) | 0.005 | 2.03 (1.10–3.76) | 0.024 |
| Current residence | ||||||
| Central Tokyo | 765 | 37.9 | REF | |||
| Greater Tokyo | 446 | 36.1 | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 0.534 | ||
| Other prefecture | 182 | 35.7 | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) | 0.586 | ||
| Intercourse partners | ||||||
| Only men | 1280 | 38.0 | REF | REF | ||
| Men and women | 122 | 27.0 | 0.61 (0.40–0.92) | 0.018 | 0.54 (0.34–0.88) | 0.013 |
| Health | ||||||
| Fair/Poor health | 498 | 39.8 | REF | |||
| Healthy | 904 | 35.4 | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.106 | ||
| Out to close friends | ||||||
| No | 549 | 36.6 | REF | |||
| Yes | 838 | 37.2 | 1.03 (0.82–1.28) | 0.815 | ||
| Identify as a member of the gay community | ||||||
| No | 236 | 32.6 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 1155 | 37.7 | 1.25 (0.93–1.68) | 0.144 | 1.50 (1.07–2.10) | 0.020 |
| Use gay apps for sex | ||||||
| No | 511 | 31.9 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 887 | 39.9 | 1.42 (1.13–1.78) | 0.003 | 1.15 (0.89–1.50) | 0.291 |
| Use gay apps to find friends | ||||||
| No | 339 | 41.9 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 1053 | 35.3 | 0.76 (0.59–0.97) | 0.030 | 0.73 (0.54–0.97) | 0.028 |
| Use gay apps to avoid being identified as gay | ||||||
| No | 1268 | 36.8 | REF | |||
| Yes | 115 | 40.0 | 1.15 (0.78–1.70) | 0.490 | ||
| Use gay apps to find a serious relationship | ||||||
| No | 631 | 40.4 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 756 | 34.0 | 0.76 (0.61–0.95) | 0.014 | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.218 |
| Ever attended a gay bar | ||||||
| No | 583 | 37.2 | REF | |||
| Yes | 817 | 36.8 | 0.98 (0.79–1.23) | 0.885 | ||
| Participation in gay group/community or volunteer activities | ||||||
| No | 1207 | 38.9 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 194 | 25.3 | 0.53 (0.38–0.75) | 0.000 | 0.51 (0.34–0.75) | 0.001 |
| Hattenba attendance | ||||||
| No | 716 | 34.9 | REF | |||
| Yes | 684 | 39.0 | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 0.111 | ||
| Confident in ability to use condoms when partner doesn’t want to | ||||||
| No | 839 | 49.8 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 558 | 17.6 | 0.22 (0.17–0.28) | 0.000 | 0.31 (0.23–0.41) | 0.000 |
| Able to avoid behavior that puts me at risk of HIV infection | ||||||
| No | 654 | 51.4 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 736 | 24.0 | 0.30 (0.24–0.38) | 0.000 | 0.54 (0.41–0.71) | 0.000 |
| Difficult to talk about condoms with partners | ||||||
| No | 1280 | 35.0 | 0.32 (0.22–0.48) | 0.000 | 0.45 (0.29–0.71) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 112 | 62.5 | REF | REF | ||
| Difficult to have safe sex when drunk | ||||||
| No | 785 | 32.1 | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 609 | 43.7 | 0.61 (0.49–0.76) | 0.000 | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) | 0.043 |
| Attend regular drinking parties | ||||||
| No | 314 | 37.9 | REF | |||
| Yes | 1079 | 36.7 | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 0.699 | ||