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. 2018 Nov 23;5(4):126. doi: 10.3390/medicines5040126

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Neurodegeneration is triggered and boosted by a vicious circle involving neurotoxic protein accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, DNA damage, and impairment of the calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, neurotrophin deficiency, neuroinflammation, genetic, and environmental factors.