Table 4.
Factors associated with hours of informal caregiving.
| Independent Variables | Hours of Informal Caregiving (n = 392) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | p-Value * | 95% CI | |
| Constant | 6.715 (2.03) | 0.001 | (2.74;10.686) |
| Relation with PwD (Partner/Spouse vs. Other) | 0.461 (0.600) | 0.443 | (−0.716; 1.638) |
| Informal caregiver working (Yes vs. No) | −4.152 (0.553) | <0.001 | (−5.237; −3.068) |
| Interaction between Country # Utilization of formal caregiving (Ref. Italy/not using formal caregiving) | |||
| Italy/using formal caregiving | −1.874 (0.684) | 0.006 | (−3.215; −0.533) |
| Sweden/not using formal caregiving | −2.631 (0.707) | <0.001 | (−4.017; −1.245) |
| Sweden/using formal caregiving | −1.078 (0.961) | 0.262 | (−2.963; 0.805) |
| IADL scale (1–48) | |||
| 23–36 | 2.794 (0.692) | <0.001 | (1.436; 4.152) |
| 37–43 | 3.273 (0.789) | <0.001 | (1.725; 4.821) |
| 44–48 | 4.655 (0.914) | <0.001 | (2.863; 6.447) |
| Living with the PwD (Yes vs. No) | −0.001 (0.324) | 0.995 | (−0.638; 0.634) |
| ADL scale (one point increase) | −0.002 (0.178) | 0.990 | (−0.351; 0.346) |
| MMSE score (one point increase) | −0.061 (0.109) | 0.572 | (−0.276; 0.152) |
| R-squared | 0.244 | ||
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.222 | ||
Data source: TECH@HOME and UP-TECH questionnaire. ADL, activities of daily living; B (SE), Beta coefficient (standard error); CI, confidence intervals; MMSE, mini mental state examination; PwD, person with dementia. IADL, instrumental activities of daily living. Country of origin: 1 = Sweden, 0 = Italy. Living with the person with dementia: 1 = no, 0 = yes. Utilization of formal caregiver: 1 = yes, 0 = no. Informal caregiver actively working: 1 = yes, 0 = no. * p < 0.05 was regarded as significant; significant p-values are underlined.