Table 8.
CAR T cell trials in glioblastoma.
| Target | Number of Patients | Number of Infusions | Efficacy | Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL13RA | 4 Recurrent or progressive IL13 R-positive glioblastoma |
Post-resection intracavitary infusions ×12 (3 patients). Direct intratumor infusion (1 patient). 2–106 cells |
Median OS 11 months. In one patient, regression of intracranial and spinal tumors lasting 7.5 months. Decreased IL13Rα expression after therapy. Increase in necrotic tumor volume by MRI. |
Headache Neurologic Lymphopenia |
| HER2 | 17 Recurrent or progressive HER2+-glioblastoma. |
Single (10 patients) or multiple peripheral infusions (7 patients) 1 × 106 m2 to 1 × 108 cells/m2 No cell expansion in vivo. CAR cells detected up to 1 year after infusion. |
Median OS 11 months. Three patients with stable disease at a follow-up of 24–29 months | Headache Weakness Cerebral edema Hydrocephalus Lymphopenia Neutropenia |
| EGFRvIII | 10 First, second and third line of treatment. |
Single peripheral infusion of cells. 1.75 × 108 – 5 × 108 cells Only transient engraftment in all patients. |
Median OS 8 months (251 days). One patient alive at >30 months after CAR T infusion. Positive evidence of brain trafficking. |
Cerebral edema Seizures Headache Intracranial hemorrhage |
CAR: chimeric antigen receptor; OS: overall survival.