Table A2.
Results of unadjusted and adjusted regressions on early development of children in rural Guizhou province.
| Independent Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Panel A: Cognition score | ||||
| Prenatal exposure to ETS (Yes = 1; No = 0) |
−2.75 (−5.40, −0.11) | 0.04 | −3.41 (−6.39, −0.42) | 0.03 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
| Frequency of prenatal exposure to ETS | −0.33 (−0.80, 0.14) | 0.17 | 0.33 (−0.76, 0.11) | 0.14 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
| Panel B: Language score | ||||
| Prenatal exposure to ETS (Yes = 1; No = 0) |
−2.62 (−5.36, 0.13) | 0.06 | −3.01 (−5.93, −0.09) | 0.04 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
| Frequency of prenatal exposure to ETS | −0.45 (−0.82, −0.08) | 0.02 | −0.48 (−0.87, −0.09) | 0.02 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
| Panel C: Motor score | ||||
| Prenatal exposure to ETS (Yes = 1; No = 0) |
−2.78 (−5.74, 0.71) | 0.06 | −2.52 (−5.43, 0.38) | 0.09 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
| Frequency of prenatal exposure to ETS | −0.27 (−0.71, 0.17) | 0.22 | −0.31 (−0.70, 0.08) | 0.12 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
| Panel D: Social emotion score | ||||
| Prenatal exposure to ETS (Yes = 1; No = 0) |
−0.75 (−3.02, 1.52) | 0.51 | −0.88 (−3.29, 1.53) | 0.46 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
| Frequency of prenatal exposure to ETS | 0.002 (−0.32, 0.33) | 0.99 | −0.002 (−0.36, 0.36) | 0.99 |
| Child characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Mother characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Household characteristics | N | Y | ||
| Constant | Y | Y | ||
Data source: Authors’ survey; Notes: Y denotes that these confounding variables are included in the regression; N denotes that these confounding variables are not included in the regression. Child characteristics: gender, age in month, and low birth weight (yes/no); Mother characteristics: age, and education attainment; Household characteristics: mother is the primary caregiver (yes/no), and family income in the last year.