Table 1.

Leishmanial species circulating in the Mediterranean region that are pathogenic for humans.

Complex	Species	Geographical Distribution	Transmission Cycle	Reservoirs
L. donovani complex	L. infantum	Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East	Zoonotic	Dog a (Canis lupus familiaris), cat b (Felis catus), red fox b (Vulpes vulpes), golden jackal b (Canis aureus), wolf b (Canis lupus), badger b (Meles meles), common genet b (Genetta genetta), pine marten b (Martes martes), wild cat b (Felis silvestris), Iberian lynx b (Lynx pardinus), Iberian hare b (Lepus granatensis), wild rabbit b (Oryctolagus cuniculus), black rat b (Rattus rattus), Norwegian rat b (Rattus norvegicus)
	L. donovani	Cyprus and Turkey	Anthroponotic	Human c (Homo sapiens)

^a Proven reservoir: direct or indirect evidence of transmission to the target population (humans); ^b A suspected reservoir: evidence of Leishmania spp. infection (culture, serological, or molecular methods) but no evidence of transmission to the target population (humans); ^c Anthroponotic cycle has not been confirmed.