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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Stress Health. 2017 Jul 13;34(1):175–186. doi: 10.1002/smi.2772

TABLE 3.

Hierarchical regression of posttraumatic growth on stressful life events and the interaction term of gratitude

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	B	SE B	Std β	B	SE B	Std β	B	SE B	Std β
Age	−0.35	0.33	−0.12	−0.31	0.33	−0.10	−0.28	0.32	−0.10
Female^a	13.4	7.12	0.20	11.2	7.02	0.17	10.2	6.89	0.16
White^a	−13.1	5.54	−0.24^*	−14.4	5.46	−0.26^**	−15.7	5.38	−0.29^**
Alcohol intake (drinks/day)	0.11	0.63	0.02	−0.05	0.68	−0.01	0.20	0.68	0.04
Heavy involvement^a	5.72	6.24	0.10	6.90	6.14	0.12	6.79	6.01	0.12
Total life stress score (TLSS)				0.018	0.008	0.25^*	−0.04	0.03	−0.49
Gratitude				0.52	0.39	0.14	−0.68	0.67	−0.18
TLSS × Gratitude							0.002	0.001	0.82^*
Model R²			0.10			0.17			0.21
F for change in R²			1.92			3.95^*			4.81^*
F statistic (p value)			F(5, 91) = 1.92 (.099)			F(7, 88) = 2.57 (.018)			F(8, 87) = 2.95 (.006)

^a

Sex (Female = 1, Male = 0); Race/Ethnicity (White = 1; Other =0); Involvement (Heavy/Moderate Involvement =1; Light/No Involvement = 0).

Bold text highlights statistical significance for models 2 and 3.

^*

p ≤ .05;

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001.