Table 2:
Intervention Adherence and Process Outcomes, by Intervention Assignment
| Yoga Group (N=27)a | Control Group (N=23)a | P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adherence to group intervention classesc | |||
| Attended 24 group classes (100% adherence) | 12 (44%) | 11 (48%) | 0.81 |
| Attended 20 to 23 group classes (>80% but <100% adherence) | 12 (44%) | 9 (39%) | 0.70 |
| Attended 19 or fewer group classes (>80% adherence) | 3 (11.11%) | 3 (13%) | 0.83 |
| Adherence to home intervention practicec | |||
| Completed all 12 recommended home practice hours (100% adherence) | 22 (82%) | 15 (65%) | 0.19 |
| Completed 10–11 recommended home practice hours (>80% but <100% adherence) | 2 (7.4%) | 5 (22%) | 0.23 |
| Completed <10 recommended home practice hours <80% adherence) | 3 (11%) | 3 (13%) | 0.83 |
| Participant-reported self-confidence in performing postures or exercisesd | |||
| Very/extremely confident in performing all postures or exercises | 6 (22%) | 15 (65%) | 0.002 |
| At least moderately confident in performing all postures or exercises | 20 (74%) | 20 (87%) | 0.26 |
| Independent assessment of participants’ ability to perform postures or exercisese | |||
| Rated by expert consultant as being very/extremely successful in executing all postures or exercises | 3 (13%) | 20 (100%) | <0.001 |
| Rated by expert consultant as being at least moderately successful in executing all postures or exercises | 22 (96%) | 20 (100%) | 0.35 |
| Participant-reported ease of continuing to practice postures or exercisesf | |||
| Very easy to continue to practice yoga or stretching/strengthening to reduce urinary incontinence | 15 (55%) | 9 (41%) | 0.31 |
| At least moderately easy to continue to practice yoga or stretching/strengthening exercises to reduce urinary incontinence | 22 (81%) | 16 (73%) | 0.46 |
Data are presented as number (percentage). Percentages are column percentages.
Adherence outcomes assessed among participants who completed the 12-week intervention program (27 in the yoga group, 23 in the muscle stretching/strengthening group)
P-values comparing intervention adherence and process outcomes between groups were calculated by Fisher’s exact tests
Adherence to group classes was assessed by attendance logs kept the class instructors, while adherence to home practice was assessed by diaries in which participants recorded the dates and times of their home intervention practice.
Participants in both intervention groups were asked during the last week of their 3-month intervention program to rate their confidence in performing each yoga posture or stretching/strengthening exercise on a 5-point Likert scale (not at all, slightly, moderately, very, or extremely confident).
An expert consultant visited the final group class of each intervention program and independently rated each participant’s success in performing each yoga posture or muscle stretching/strengthening exercise on a 5-point Likert scale (not at all, slightly, moderately, very, or extremely successful). Data were missing for 4 participants in the yoga group and 3 in the control group who were missed the session in which this assessment was performed.
Participants in both intervention groups were asked during the last week of their 3-month intervention program to indicate how easy it would be to continue practicing their assigned to improve their incontinence on a 5-point Likert scale (very easy, moderately easy, neither difficult nor easy, moderately difficult, very difficult). Data were missing for one participant in the control group.