Table 4.

Average Change in Daily Urinary Incontinence Frequency and Incontinence-Related Quality of Life after 3 Months, by Intervention Assignment

	Yoga Group		Control Group		P-Value for Between-Group Difference
	Absolute change (95% CI)	Percent change (95% CI)	Absolute change (95% CI)	Percent change (95% CI)	Absolute change	Percent change
Incontinence frequency
Total (any) incontinence	−2.8 (−3.6, −2.0)	−76% (−90%, −61%)	−1.9 (−2.8, −0.9)	−56% (−72%, −41%)	0.13	0.07
Stress-type incontinence	−0.8 (−1.2, −0.4)	−61% (−78%, −43%)	−0.4 (−0.9, 0.1)	−35% (−55%, −16%)	0.18	0.045
Urgency-type incontinence	−1.7 (−2.6, −0.91)	−30% (−91%, 32%)	−1.7 (−2.6, −0.7)	−17% (−81%, 48%)	0.89	0.77
Total daytime incontinence	−2.5 (−3.3, −1.8)	−71% (−81%, −61%)	−1.6 (−2.5, −0.8)	−55% (−65%, −44%)	0.13	0.02
Total nighttime incontinence	−0.3 (−0.5, −0.1)	−36% (−54%, −18%)	−0.2 (−0.5, 0.0)	−24% (−44%, −5.0%)	0.74	0.39
Incontinence-related quality of life scores
Incontinence Impact Questionnaire	−74 (−103, −45)	−66% (−76%, −55%)	−94 (−127, −60)	−64% (−75%, −53%)	0.39	0.85
Urogenital Distress Inventory-6	−21 (−27, −15)	−53% (−67%, −40%)	−15 (−23, −8)	−37% (−52%, −23%)	0.24	0.11
Patient Perception of Bladder Condition	−1.3 (−1.7, −0.8)	−33% (−47%, −19%)	−1.0 (−1.5, −0.5)	−21% (−36%, −5.6%)	0.46	0.22

^*For incontinence frequency outcomes, absolute change is presented as change in the number of incontinence episodes per day, and percent change is presented as percent change from baseline. For incontinence quality of life measures outcomes, absolute change is presented as change in questionnaire scores, and percent change presented as percent change in scores from baseline. Least square mean estimates and confidence intervals were derived from analysis of covariance models, using multiple imputation to address missing data; models examining absolute change adjusted for baseline levels of outcomes.