Table 2.

Incidence of complications by procedure type.

Complication	Procedure	Rate of Complication, %	P-Value
Pneumonia	PLIF any level	2.86	<.001
	ALIF any level	3.38
	PLF any level	2.89
	Discectomy any level	0.79
	Laminectomy	1.57
	Single level fusion	2.58	<.001
	Multilevel fusion	3.41
Acute respiratory failure	PLIF any level	2.94	<.001
	ALIF any level	4.51
	PLF any level	2.99
	Discectomy any level	0.55
	Laminectomy	1.29
	Single level fusion	2.28	<.001
	Multilevel fusion	4.28
Pulmonary collapse	PLIF any level	6.66	<.001
	ALIF any level	9.62
	PLF any level	7.16
	Discectomy any level	1.22
	Laminectomy	2.59
	Single level fusion	5.62	<.001
	Multilevel fusion	9.37
Pleural effusion	PLIF any level	2.19	<.001
	ALIF any level	3.45
	PLF any level	2.56
	Discectomy any level	0.43
	Laminectomy	1.07
	Single level fusion	1.84	<.001
	Multilevel fusion	3.41

Abbreviations: PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; PLF, posterolateral lumbar fusion.