Figure 5.

Intranasal vaccination increases the cellular immune response in the mucosa. (A) Mice were vaccinated 2 times at 21-day intervals with NCMX. At 21 days after the last immunization, the lungs were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry for (B) Th1 (CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺), (C) Th17 (CD4⁺IL-17⁺), and (D) Tc1 (CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺) cells. Mouse serum samples were collected 21 days after each vaccination for evaluation of the elicited humoral immune response by measuring the levels of IgG1 (E) and IgG2a (F). Differences between the means of the groups were determined by Student's t-test, and p values are shown. Significant differences were found between the groups, n = 4.