Figure 6. Brain regions that predict the success of imagined and real extinction.

A linear regression was performed on whole brain maps of differential activation (CS+ > CS−) during extinction (time point 3) with participants’ threat-predictive pattern expression scores during the recovery test as the predictor. Because we were most interested in brain regions that predicted extinction success, we focused on the negatively correlated results (see Table S6 for a complete table of activation). When thresholded and corrected for multiple comparisons (FDR corrected, P < 0.05), both imagined (A) and real extinction (B) revealed activity in the vmPFC, primary auditory cortex, and amygdala were related to extinction success. No significant correlates of extinction success were found in the no extinction group. C. Conjunction. Signal in a priori ROIs that survived correction in the whole brain analysis was assessed. The NAc predicted extinction success uniquely in the imagined extinction group, while CA1 predicted extinction success uniquely in the real extinction group. Effect sizes in the ROIs were estimated via max partial η2 which ranges from 0 to