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. 2018 Oct 24;68(1):56–63. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002187

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Higher YAP expression in biliary atresia (BA) patient iPSCs and KO iPSCs, and the effect of anti-fibrotic drug treatment. A, YAP mRNA expression in BA and KO iPSCs at mature biliary differentiation stage (d20). Compared to normal controls, BA relevant iPSCs (patient iPSCs and GPC1- or ADD3-KO iPSCs) showed significantly higher YAP expression after biliary differentiation at various levels (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01). B, Immunofluorescent staining of Collagen 1 and YAP1 protein expression in healthy control iPSC (iM9) and BA patient iPSC (iBA8 cells were shown as an example). YAP1 and Collagen 1 were col-localized and YAP was mostly located in the nuclei. An anti-fibrotic drug, Pentoxifylline (0.5 mM 5 day treatment) significantly reduced collagen expression as well as the nuclear localization of YAP protein in the biliary cells derived from the BA patient iPSCs. C–E, Pentoxifylline lowered the levels of gene expression of both collagen 1 and YAP1 in KO lines (iHu71 isogenic GPC1 and ADD3 KO lines) and BA patient lines (iBAs-combined results from all BA iPSCs) while showing no effect on cholangiocyte marker CK7 (∗P < 0.05).