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. 2019 Jan 7;218(1):70–82. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201807044

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© 2018 Ladstätter and Tachibana

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Figure 1. — Overview of molecular events during mouse gametogenesis and preimplantation development. Male and female gametogenesis entail distinct timings of meiotic divisions (MI and MII) in relation to transcriptional activity and differentiation. The sperm genome is packaged around protamines that are rapidly exchanged to maternal histones at fertilization. Fertilization triggers resumption of oocyte meiosis (MII), and the totipotent zygote forms, containing two parental pronuclei. Totipotency declines with subsequent cleavage divisions. Maternal transcripts are rapidly degraded before ZGA, which occurs in two waves: minor ZGA in the late zygote and major ZGA in the two-cell embryo. DNA methylation dynamically changes in the zygote: paternal 5mC is lost, de novo paternal 5hmC forms, and passive dilution of DNA methylation occurs during cleavage divisions. Sp., spermatocyte.