Serum total bilirubin (A and D) and ALT levels (B and E) in Nlrp3−/−, Casp1−/− and WT mice; N=3–7 per group/time point. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (C and F) Representative panels of H&E staining of liver and EHBD 11 days after RRV injection in Nlrp3−/− (N=17), with intact epithelium and patent lumen (C), while Casp1−/− mice (N=14) have obstructed lumen and expanded portal inflammation (F). Arrows denote portal tracts. * denotes duct lumen; magnification × 200.