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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Serv. 2018 Jul 2;16(4):657–663. doi: 10.1037/ser0000260

Table 2.

Change in GSE over time and across educational levels


Estimate (95% CI) p

Step 1
Intercept 31.64 (30.92–32.36) <0.001
Linear Slope (Time) 1.79 (0.93–2.66) <0.001
Step 2
Intercept 34.28 (29.35–39.21) <0.001
Linear Slope (Time) −5.54 (−11.55–0.47) 0.07
12 years education −3.09 (−8.13–1.95) 0.23
13–15 years education −2.55 (−7.82–2.71) 0.35
16 years education −2.16 (−7.28–2.95) 0.41
Over 16 years education −1.45 (−7.03–4.14) 0.61
12 years education*Time 6.66 (0.52–12.81) 0.04
13–15 years education*Time 7.64 (1.28–14.00) 0.02
16 years education*Time 8.14 (1.92–14.35) 0.01
Over 16 years education*Time 8.79 (2.00–15.58) 0.01

Note. The reference category for education is less than 12 years of education. Models were estimated with random effects for intercept and slope (i.e., time); estimates are available from the authors upon request.