Table 1.
Group characteristics of people with Parkinson's disease (all, freezers and non-freezers) and healthy controls.
| Parkinson's disease | Freezer (n = 14) | Non-freezer (n = 16) | Control | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | mean ± SD | 63.1 ± 10.0 | 61.8 ± 9.6 | 64.2 ± 10.5 | 62.9 ± 10.3 |
| Sex | male/female | 18/12 | 10/4 | 8/8 | 18/12 |
| Disease duration (years) | mean ± SD | 12.2 ± 6.7 | 14.3 ± 6.8 | 10.3 ± 6.3 | – |
| Levodopa equivalent daily dose (mg)a | mean ± SD | 939 ± 771 | 1258 ± 947 | 661 ± 441 | – |
| SCOPA-COG [0-43]* | mean ± SD | 30.4 ± 7.1 | 28.9 ± 8.0 | 31.8 ± 6.3 | – |
| MDS-UPDRS motor score [0-132]** | mean ± SD | 36.9 ± 18.0 | 41.4 ± 20.3 | 32.9 ± 15.3 | – |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage [1–5]**, a | mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | – |
| NFOGQ [0-24]** | mean ± SD | – | 19.9 ± 5.0 | 0 | – |
| MOCA [0-30]* | mean ± SD | – | – | – | 27.7 ± 1.4 |
SCOPA-COG, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease – Cognition; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society version of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; NFOGQ, New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
*
Higher scores represent better outcomes.
**
Higher scores represent worse outcomes.
a
Significant difference between freezers and non-freezers (p < 0.05).