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Non-TAL effectors of Xoo suppress endogenous MAPK cascades induced by PGN. (A,B) Rice protoplasts were transfected with constructs individually expressing Non-TAL effectors overnight and then treated with 5 mg/ml PGN for 15 min. MAPK activation (top), non-TAL effector expression (bottom, indicated with white arrow heads) and loading control (bottom) are shown. All experiments were repeated three times with the similar results.
