Table 3.

Summary of functional activity findings.

Authors	Study design	PTSD			TENP			HC			Results
		N	M/F	Age	N	M/F	Age	N	M/F	Age
Shin et al. (43)	2 groups	13	13M	52.8 ± 7.3	13	13M	49.7 ± 8.9	None			PTSD: Increased activity in amygdala, decreased activity in mPFC, mPFC activity correlated with symptom severity (passive viewing of faces)
Peres et al. (44)	2 groups	12 and 12	12M/12M	31.2 ± 5.8 (PT) and 27.6 ± 3.9 (WL)	12	12M	28.2 ± 7.8	None			PTSD: Increased activity in amygdala, decreased activity in mPFC (memory task)
Stevens et al. (45)	2 groups	37	37F	35.4 ± 12.5	53	53F	41.1 ± 12.2	None			Correlation between activity in ACC and trauma severity (inhibition task)
New et al. (63)	3 groups	14	14F	38.7 ± 11.2	14	14F	38.5 ± 10.8	14	14F	31.7 ± 10.3	Decreased activity in PFC in PTSD, increased activity in PFC in TENP (emotion regulation task)
Blair et al. (62)	3 groups	14	2/12	33.9 ± 9.98	15	4/11	31.4 ± 7.94	19	2/17	32.4 ± 8.79	Decreased activity in PFC in PTSD, increased activity in PC in TENP (executive task)
Falconer et al. (61)	3 groups	23	13F, 10M	38.3 ± 12.16	23	13F, 10M	32.40 ± 15.00	17	6F, 10M	39.3 ± 12.6	PTSD: decreased activity frontoparietal (executive task)
Shin et al. (66)	Twin study	12 (twin pairs, i.e., one exposed and one unexposed twin)	12M	55.0 ± 2.9	14 (twin pairs, i.e., one exposed and one unexposed twin)	14M	56.4 ± 2.2	None			Increased activity in ACC for PTSD and their twins

Study design, study sample characteristics and specific tasks are presented for all studies assessing potential functional correlates of vulnerability/resilience to stress as assessed via task-based fMRI. PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; TENP, trauma-exposed non-PTSD; HC, healthy controls; DMN, default-mode-network; SN, salience network.