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. 2018 Nov 19;8(4):153. doi: 10.3390/biom8040153

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Okadaic acid and cyclosporine A partially reconstitute the contractile force and PKB phosphorylation in msq. (A) After treatment with 0.15 µmol/L okadaic acid during 4–96 hpf homozygous msq^−/− embryos showed an increased contractility from 2.0 ± 3.5% to 20.8 ± 19.9%. (B) Immunoblotting indicated that the phosphorylation status of PKB (pPKB) was also slightly increased in 0.15 µmol/L okadaic acid treated msq^−/− embryos (incubation during 4–96 hpf). (C) Ventricular fractional shortening of msq^−/− embryos treated with 0.75 µmol/L cyclosporine A during 4–96 hpf showed in comparison to DMSO-treated msq^−/− embryos (7.9 ± 8.7%) a partially reconstituted contractile force (16.9 ± 16.2%). (D) Correspondingly to fractional shortening, immunoblotting revealed that treatment with 0.5 µmol/L cyclosporine A (incubation during 48–72 hpf) slightly increased the level of phosphorylated PKB in msq^−/− embryos compared to controls. (n.s.: Not significant).