Table 4.
Plasma osmotic threshold a for plasma AVP increase.
| Osmotic Threshold b (mOsm/kg) | Participants/Conditions | References |
|---|---|---|
| 282 (280–285) | Normal adults (n = 6♂), dehydration via water restriction, upright posture | Moses and Miller, 1971 [70] |
| 285 (284–286) c | Normal adults (n = 9♂), IVHS | Moses and Miller, 1971 [70] |
| 287 (286–288) c | Normal adults (n = 6♂), IVHS | Moses and Miller, 1971 [70] |
| 288 (287–289) c | Normal adults (n = 6♂), IVHS, then IVHS plus dextran (expanded plasma volume) | Moses and Miller, 1971 [70] |
| 280 (272–284) c | Normal adults (n = 25), recumbent rest, in three states: ad libitum fluid intake, acute water load (20 ml/kg) and water restriction | Robertson et al., 1973 [71] |
| 280 (276–291) c | Normal adults (n = 9♂, 7♀), recumbent rest | Robertson et al., 1976 [72] |
| IVHS, 287 (283–291) M, 286 (282–290) |
Normal adults (3♀, 3♂), supine rest, IVHS (5%) and hypertonic mannitol (M, 20%) | Zerbe et al., 1983 [73] |
| 285 (282–289) | Healthy adults (10♂), recumbent rest, IVHS and IVI | Thompson et al., 1986 [74] |
| 287 (286–288) | Healthy adults (7♂), recumbent rest, IVHS | Thompson et al., 1988 [75] |
| 287 (281–290) | Healthy adults (3♂, 4♀), recumbent rest, IVHS | Thompson et al., 1991 [76] |
| MZ, 283 (277–290) DZ, 281 (274–285) |
Healthy twins (7♂ monozygotic pairs, 6♂ dizygotic pairs), IVHS | Zerbe et al., 1991 [77] |
a, refers to the plasma osmolality (i.e., determined statistically or graphically) at which plasma AVP concentration rises from baseline; b, mean (range or 95% confidence interval); c, data derived from a figure.