. 2018 Dec 5;10(12):1928. doi: 10.3390/nu10121928

Table 7.

Effects of 12-h and 24-h water restriction ^a on plasma osmolality and AVP concentration.

Participants	Experimental Design Phase	Plasma Osmolality (mOsm/kg H₂O)	Plasma AVP (pg/ml)	Reference
8 ♀ ^b (21–34 year)	Baseline, EU	289 ± 2	1.3 ± 0.6	Davison et al., AJP 1984 [62]
8 ♀ ^b (21–34 year)	12-h WR ^c	294 ± 2	2.9 ± 1.2	Davison et al., AJP 1984 [62]
5 ♂ & 3 ♀ ^b (26–50 year)	Baseline, EU	292 ± 1	1.7 ± 0.2	Geelen et al., AJP 1984 [63]
5 ♂ & 3 ♀ ^b (26–50 year)	24-h WR ^c	302 ± 1	3.3 ± 0.5	Geelen et al., AJP 1984 [63]
7 ♂ (20–31 year)	Baseline, EU	288 ± 1	1.0 ± 0.3	Phillips et al., NEJM 1984 [88]
7 ♂ (20–31 year)	24-h WR ^c,d	291 ± 1	3.5 ± 0.3	Phillips et al., NEJM 1984 [88]
7 ♂ (67–75 year)	Baseline, EU	288 ± 1	1.8 ± 0.3	Phillips et al., NEJM 1984 [88]
7 ♂ (67–75 year)	24-h WR ^c,d	296 ± 1	8.3 ± 0.3	Phillips et al., NEJM 1984 [88]

^a, diets included no water or beverages and dry food items; ^b, nonpregnant women; ^c, 24-h total water intake was not measured; ^d, body mass loss was 1.8–1.9% of the baseline value; Abbreviations: AVP, arginine vasopressin; EU, euhydrated; WR, water restriction.