Table 1.

Comparison of decellularized and DBM scaffolds.

Comparison Category	Decellularized Bone Matrix Scaffold	DBM Scaffold
Preparation method	Physical methods (snap freezing, mechanical force and mechanical agitation, etc.) [25]	Treated with decalcification reagents (hydrochloric acid and EDTA-2Na, etc.)
	Chemistry methods (alkaline solution, acid, nonionic detergents and Tritonn X-100, etc.) [26]
	Enzymatic methods (exonucleases, endonucleases and trypsin, etc.) [27]
Characteristics	Effectively remove cells from host bone tissue	A complex consisting of collagen, non-collagen, and lower concentrations of growth factors
Advantages	Reduce or eliminate the antigenicity of bone	Decalcification exposes osteogenic factors
	Suitable mechanical strength; better biocompatibility	Good biological properties, osteoinduction and bone conduction activity
	The same structure and composition as natural bone	Biodegradable
		Weak immunogenicity
		Maintain natural bone-like pore structure and 3D structure
Disadvantages	Decellularization still causes damage to natural ECM components and microstructures	Low biomechanical strength
	The difference in ECM from different donor sources is difficult to exclude	Not suitable for repairing bone defects in load-bearing defect models
	It is difficult to completely avoid inflammation and immune response