Figure 1.

FabC11:Stx2 protected HGEC and HK-2 against Stx2 cytotoxicity. HGEC (A) and HK-2 (B) were pre-treated with different concentrations of FabC11:Stx2 (1 h at 37 °C), and Stx2 (0.1 ng/mL) was then added, or cells were co-treated with FabC11:Stx2 (0.001 µg/mL to 10 µg/mL) and Stx2 (0.1 ng/mL) simultaneously. After 72 h of treatment, cells were incubated with neutral red for an additional 1 h at 37°C in 5% CO₂. Absorbance of each well was read at 540 nm. One hundred percent represents cells incubated under identical conditions but without FabC11:Stx2 or toxin treatment (Ctrl). Results are expressed as means ± SEM of three experiments, pre/co-incubation vs. Stx2, * p < 0.05; pre-incubation vs. co-incubation, # p < 0.05.