Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants (n = 150,405) in the Multiethnic Cohort by quintiles of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores.
| Characteristics | Quintile 1 (−6.64 to−3.91) |
Quintile 2 (−3.90 to −2.89) |
Quintile 3 (−2.88 to −1.67) |
Quintile 4 (−1.66 to −0.07) |
Quintile 5 (−0.06 to +4.95) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 67,351) | |||||
| DII score, median (IQR) 1 | −4.43 (0.63) | −3.38 (0.51) | −2.28 (0.60) | −0.90 (0.79) | 1.09 (1.36) |
| Age at cohort entry, years, median (IQR) | 62.0 (14.0) | 61.0 (14.0) | 60.0 (14.0) | 59.0 (15.0) | 56.0 (14.0) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (% column) | |||||
| African American | 1044 (12.1) | 1289 (12.4) | 1653 (12.7) | 1945 (12.2) | 2517 (13.0) |
| Native Hawaiian | 494 (5.7) | 548 (5.3) | 746 (5.7) | 1137 (7.1) | 1938 (10.0) |
| Japanese American | 2795 (32.5) | 2760 (26.5) | 3510 (27.0) | 4808 (30.1) | 6873 (35.5) |
| Latino | 1824 (21.2) | 2792 (26.8) | 3734 (28.7) | 4405 (27.6) | 3635 (18.8) |
| White | 2438 (28.4) | 3010 (28.9) | 3368 (25.9) | 3665 (23.0) | 4423 (22.8) |
| Body mass index 2, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 25.6 (4.4) | 25.9 (4.5) | 26.1 (4.7) | 26.3 (4.7) | 26.2 (5.2) |
| Physical activity 2,3, h/day, median (IQR) | 1.07 (1.46) | 0.93 (1.32) | 0.82 (1.32) | 0.82 (1.21) | 0.82 (1.21) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 1333 (15.5) | 1272 (12.2) | 1585 (12.2) | 1646 (10.3) | 1386 (7.1) |
| Smoking status, n (% column) | |||||
| Never | 3337 (38.8) | 3925 (37.7) | 4507 (34.6) | 4959 (31.1) | 4918 (25.4) |
| Former | 4552 (53.0) | 5323 (51.2) | 6583 (50.6) | 7862 (49.3) | 8633 (44.5) |
| Current | 706 (8.2) | 1151 (11.1) | 1921 (14.8) | 3139 (19.7) | 5835 (30.1) |
| Education 2, n (% column) | |||||
| ≤12 years | 3104 (36.1) | 3861 (37.1) | 5192 (39.9) | 6602 (41.4) | 7956 (41.0) |
| 13–15 years | 2413 (28.1) | 2862 (27.5) | 3594 (27.6) | 4681 (29.3) | 6276 (32.4) |
| ≥16 years | 3078 (35.8) | 3676 (35.3) | 4225 (32.5) | 4677 (29.3) | 5154 (26.6) |
| Married 2, n (%) | 6622 (77.0) | 8111 (78.0) | 10,154 (78.0) | 12,370 (77.5) | 14,387 (74.2) |
| Energy intake, kcal/day, median (IQR) | 2094 (1195) | 2139 (1237) | 2186 (1288) | 2231 (1293) | 2340 (1380) |
| Alcohol intake 4, g/day, median (IQR) | 9.1 (19.0) | 8.2 (19.1) | 9.5 (21.3) | 11.7 (27.6) | 16.4 (39.6) |
| Women (n = 83,054) | |||||
| DII score, median (IQR) | −4.48 (0.66) | −3.42 (0.51) | −2.34 (0.60) | −0.97 (0.79) | 0.92 (1.32) |
| Age at cohort entry, years, median (IQR) | 62.0 (14.0) | 60.0 (14.0) | 59.0 (15.0) | 56.0 (14.0) | 54.0 (14.0) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (% column) | |||||
| African American | 3613 (17.4) | 3392 (17.8) | 3044 (18.1) | 2705 (18.6) | 2446 (20.6) |
| Native Hawaiian | 1328 (6.4) | 1135 (6.0) | 1069 (6.4) | 1226 (8.4) | 1397 (11.7) |
| Japanese American | 7062 (34.0) | 5181 (27.2) | 4689 (27.9) | 4016 (27.7) | 3256 (27.4) |
| Latino | 3779 (18.2) | 4303 (22.6) | 3943 (23.4) | 3285 (22.6) | 2025 (17.0) |
| White | 4978 (24.0) | 5041 (26.5) | 4081 (24.3) | 3292 (22.7) | 2768 (23.3) |
| Body mass index 2, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 24.8 (6.3) | 25.1 (6.2) | 25.4 (6.7) | 25.8 (7.0) | 26.0 (7.6) |
| Physical activity 2,3, h/day, median (IQR) | 0.71 (1.07) | 0.71 (1.07) | 0.71 (0.86) | 0.71 (0.86) | 0.71 (0.86) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 2358 (11.4) | 1806 (9.5) | 1480 (8.8) | 1230 (8.5) | 827 (7.0) |
| Smoking status, n (% column) | |||||
| Never | 13,115 (63.2) | 11,646 (61.1) | 9843 (58.5) | 7979 (54.9) | 5674 (47.7) |
| Former | 5886 (28.4) | 5473 (28.7) | 4697 (27.9) | 3930 (27.1) | 2917 (24.5) |
| Current | 1759 (8.5) | 1933 (10.1) | 2286 (13.6) | 2615 (18.0) | 3301 (27.8) |
| Education 2, n (% column) | |||||
| ≤12 years | 8834 (42.6) | 8247 (43.3) | 7733 (46.0) | 6736 (46.4) | 5637 (47.4) |
| 13–15 years | 6056 (29.2) | 5674 (29.8) | 4924 (29.3) | 4493 (30.9) | 3777 (31.8) |
| ≥16 years | 5870 (28.3) | 5131 (26.9) | 4169 (24.8) | 3295 (22.7) | 2478 (20.8) |
| Married 2, n (%) | 12,577 (60.6) | 11,585 (60.8) | 10,214 (60.7) | 8820 (60.7) | 6985 (58.7) |
| MHT 2,5 ever use, n (%) | 13,849 (66.7) | 12,973 (68.1) | 11,753 (69.9) | 10,464 (72.0) | 8977 (75.5) |
| Energy intake, kcal/day, median (IQR) | 1745 (991) | 1753 (1023) | 1760 (1039) | 1772 (1086) | 1869 (1183) |
| Alcohol intake 4, g/day, median (IQR) | 3.5 (10.6) | 3.0 (9.0) | 3.1 (10.1) | 3.8 (12.3) | 4.5 (19.9) |
1 IQR, interquartile range. 2 Missing values were imputed using multiple imputation. 3 Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. 4 Among drinkers. 5 MHT, menopausal hormone therapy.